A Comparison of the Cardiovascular Risks of Rural, Suburban, and Urban Women by Pamela Stewart Fahs, Theresa Grabo, Gary James, Martha Neff-Smith, Gale Spencer

“…Data were collected on 108 women in upstate New York. Rural women exhibited higher systolic blood pressure (p = .05) and were older (p=.01) than those living in suburban or urban areas. …”
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Relationships among Functional Health Literacy, Asthma Knowledge and the Ability to Care for Asthmatic Children in Rural Dwelling Parents by Evelyn L. Hoover, Carolyn S. Pierce, Gale A. Spencer, Mary X Britten, Martha Neff-Smith, Gary D James, Sarah H. Gueldner

“…The convenience sample of 57 parents and one guardian who cared for asthmatic children was recruited from three rural health districts in the eastern United States (Virginia, North Carolina, and upstate New York). Subjects completed the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) and the Asthma Questionnaire-Parent Survey (AQ-P) and provided additional demographic and health status information. …”
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