Climatology and trends in the forcing of the stratospheric ozone transport by Monier, Erwan, Weare, B. C.

“…Overall, this study makes clearer the close interaction between the trends in ozone chemistry and ozone transport. It reveals that the eddy ozone transport and its long-term changes are an important natural mitigation mechanism for the ozone hole. …”
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Maximizing ozone signals among chemical, meteorological, and climatological variability by Tilmes, Simone, Emmons, Louisa, Garcia-Menendez, Fernando, Brown-Steiner, Benjamin E, Selin, Noelle E, Prinn, Ronald G, Monier, Erwan

“…The detection of meteorological, chemical, or other signals in modeled or observed air quality data - such as an estimate of a temporal trend in surface ozone data, or an estimate of the mean ozone of a particular region during a particular season - is a critical component of modern atmospheric chemistry. …”
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Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons by Vollmer, Martin K, Mühle, Jens, Henne, Stephan, Young, Dickon, Rigby, Matthew, Mitrevski, Blagoj, Park, Sunyoung, Lunder, Chris R, Rhee, Tae Siek, Harth, Christina M, Hill, Matthias, Langenfelds, Ray L, Guillevic, Myriam, Schlauri, Paul M, Hermansen, Ove, Arduini, Jgor, Wang, Ray HJ, Salameh, Peter K, Maione, Michela, Krummel, Paul B, Reimann, Stefan, O’Doherty, Simon, Simmonds, Peter G, Fraser, Paul J, Prinn, Ronald G, Weiss, Ray F, Steele, L Paul

“…We focus here on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that are restricted by the Montreal Protocol because of their roles in stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on measurements of archived air samples and on in situ measurements at stations of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network, we report global abundances, trends, and regional enhancements for HCFC-132b (CH2ClCClF2), which is newly discovered in the atmosphere, and updated results for HCFC-133a (CH2ClCF3) and HCFC-31 (CH2ClF). …”
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Continued Emissions of the Ozone‐Depleting Substance Carbon Tetrachloride From Eastern Asia by Lunt, M. F., Park, S., Li, S., Henne, S., Manning, A. J., Ganesan, A. L., Simpson, I. J., Blake, D. R., Liang, Q., O'Doherty, S., Harth, C. M., Mühle, J., Salameh, P. K., Weiss, R. F., Krummel, P. B., Fraser, P. J., Prinn, Ronald G, Reimann, S., Rigby, M.

“…Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an ozone-depleting substance, accounting for about 10% of the chlorine in the troposphere. …”
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The ocean's role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing by Kostov, Yavor Krasimirov, Hausmann, Ute, Ferreira, David, Shepherd, Theodore G., Bitz, Cecilia M., Marshall, John C, Armour, Kyle, Scott, Jeremy

“…We speculate that the period through which we are now passing may be one in which the delayed warming of SST associated with GHG forcing around Antarctica is largely cancelled by the cooling effects associated with the ozone hole. By mid-century, however, ozone-hole effects may instead be adding to GHG warming around Antarctica but with diminished amplitude as the ozone hole heals. …”
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Formation of ozone and growth of aerosols in young smoke plumes from biomass burning: 1. Lagrangian parcel studies by Alvarado, Matthew James, Prinn, Ronald G

“…Our model explained the observations of ozone in the Otavi and Alaska plumes fairly well, but our initial model simulation of the Timbavati plume underestimated the concentrations of ozone, OH, and secondary aerosol matter. …”
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Toward resolving the budget discrepancy of ozone-depleting carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>): an analysis of top-down emissions from China by Park, Sunyoung, Li, Shanlan, Mühle, Jens, Weiss, Ray F., Reimann, Stefan, O'Doherty, Simon, Fang, Xuekun, Prinn, Ronald G

“…Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a first-generation ozone-depleting substance, and its emissive use and production were globally banned by the Montreal Protocol with a 2010 phase-out; however, production and consumption for non-dispersive use as a chemical feedstock and as a process agent are still allowed. …”
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Influence of air quality model resolution on uncertainty associated with health impacts by Thompson, Tammy M., Selin, Noelle Eckley

“…Population-weighted ozone concentrations were calculated for each resolution and applied to concentration response functions (with 95% confidence intervals) to estimate the health impacts of modeled ozone reduction from the base case to the control scenario. …”
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Evaluating simplified chemical mechanisms within present-day simulations of the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 with CAM4 (CESM1.2 CAM-chem): MOZART-4 vs. Reduced Hydrocar... by Tilmes, Simone, Emmons, Louisa, Lamarque, Jean-François, Cameron-Smith, Philip, Brown-Steiner, Benjamin E, Selin, Noelle E, Prinn, Ronald G

“…While the Super-Fast mechanism tends to have higher simulated ozone variability and differs from the MOZART-4 mechanism over regions of high biogenic emissions, it is surprisingly capable of simulating ozone adequately given its simplicity. …”
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Re-evaluation of the lifetimes of the major CFCs and CH[subscript 3]CCl[subscript 3] using atmospheric trends by O'Doherty, Simon, Montzka, Stephen A., McCulloch, A., Harth, C. M., Muhle, Jens, Salameh, P. K., Weiss, R. F., Young, D., Simmonds, P. G., Hall, B. D., Dutton, G. S., Nance, D., Mondeel, D. J., Elkins, J. W., Krummel, P. B., Steele, L. P., Fraser, P. J., Rigby, Matthew, Prinn, Ronald G.

“…Since the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments came into effect, growth rates of the major ozone depleting substances (ODS), particularly CFC-11, -12 and -113 and CH[subscript 3]CCl[subscript 3], have declined markedly, paving the way for global stratospheric ozone recovery. …”
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Climatology and trends in the forcing of the stratospheric zonal-mean flow by Weare, B. C., Monier, Erwan

“…This also follows a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of the stationary EP flux divergence over the 1980–2001 period. Ozone depletion is well known for strengthening the polar vortex through the thermal wind balance. …”
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Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22 by Saikawa, Eri, Rigby, Matthew, Prinn, Ronald G.

“…HCFC-22 (CHClF[subscript 2], chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS) as well as a significant greenhouse gas (GHG). …”
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Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH[subscript 3]CHF[subscript 2]) from in situ and air archive observations by Prinn, Ronald G.

“…Since it does not contain chlorine or bromine, HFC-152a makes no direct contribution to the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is therefore used as a substitute for the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). …”
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History of Chemically and Radiatively Important Atmospheric Gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) by Prinn, Ronald G, DeWitt, Helen Langley

“…They are the following: (1) to accurately measure the temporal and spatial distributions of anthropogenic gases that contribute the majority of reactive halogen to the stratosphere and/or are strong infrared absorbers (chlorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons – CFCs, bromocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons – HCFCs, hydrofluorocarbons – HFCs and polyfluorinated compounds (perfluorocarbons – PFCs), nitrogen trifluoride – NF[subscript 3], sulfuryl fluoride – SO[subscript 2]F[subscript 2], and sulfur hexafluoride – SF[subscript 6]) and use these measurements to determine the global rates of their emission and/or destruction (i.e., lifetimes); (2) to accurately measure the global distributions and temporal behaviors and determine the sources and sinks of non-CO[subscript 2] biogenic–anthropogenic gases important to climate change and/or ozone depletion (methane – CH[subscript 4], nitrous oxide – N[subscript 2]O, carbon monoxide – CO, molecular hydrogen – H[subscript 2], methyl chloride – CH[subscript 3]Cl, and methyl bromide – CH[subscript 3]Br); (3) to identify new long-lived greenhouse and ozone-depleting gases (e.g., SO[subscript 2]F[subscript 2], NF[subscript 3], heavy PFCs (C[subscript 4]F[subscript 10], C[subscript 5]F[subscript 12], C[subscript 6]F[subscript 14], C[subscript 7]F[subscript 16], and C[subscript 8]F[subscript 18]) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs; e.g., CH[subscript 2] = CFCF[subscript 3]) have been identified in AGAGE), initiate the real-time monitoring of these new gases, and reconstruct their past histories from AGAGE, air archive, and firn air measurements; (4) to determine the average concentrations and trends of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) from the rates of destruction of atmospheric trichloroethane (CH[subscript 3]CCl[subscript 3]), HFCs, and HCFCs and estimates of their emissions; (5) to determine from atmospheric observations and estimates of their destruction rates the magnitudes and distributions by region of surface sources and sinks of all measured gases; (6) to provide accurate data on the global accumulation of many of these trace gases that are used to test the synoptic-, regional-, and global-scale circulations predicted by three-dimensional models; and (7) to provide global and regional measurements of methane, carbon monoxide, and molecular hydrogen and estimates of hydroxyl levels to test primary atmospheric oxidation pathways at midlatitudes and the tropics. …”
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Top-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, China by Fang, Xuekun, Shao, Min, Stohl, Andreas, Zhang, Qiang, Zheng, Junyu, Guo, Hai, Wang, Chen, Wang, Ming, Ou, Jiamin, Thompson, Rona L., Prinn, Ronald G.

“…They are also important precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols and contribute substantially to severe air pollution in urban areas in China. …”
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Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) Emissions in China: An Inventory for 2005–2013 and Projections to 2050 by Velders, Guus J. M., Ravishankara, A. R., Molina, Mario J., Hu, Jianxin, Prinn, Ronald G., Fang, Xuekun

“…Many hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that are widely used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (now regulated under the Montreal Protocol) are very potent greenhouse gases (GHGs). …”
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Diurnal cycle of air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Observations by Panday, Arnico K., Prinn, Ronald G.

“…We measured the trace gases carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) and particulates (PM10), as well as meteorological variables. …”
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European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC by Graziosi, F., Arduini, J., Furlani, F., Giostra, U., Cristofanelli, P., Fang, Xinding, Hermanssen, O., Lunder, C., Maenhout, G., O'Doherty, S., Reimann, S., Schmidbauer, N., Vollmer, M.K., Young, D., Maione, M.

“…Hydrofluorocarbons are powerful greenhouse gases developed by industry after the phase-out of the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons required by the Montreal Protocol. …”
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Global emissions of refrigerants HCFC-22 and HFC-134a: Unforeseen seasonal contributions by Xiang, Bin, Patra, Prabir K., Montzka, Stephen A., Miller, Scot M., Elkins, J. W., Moore, Fred L., Atlas, Elliot L., Miller, Benjamin R., Weiss, Ray F., Wofsy, Steven C., Prinn, Ronald G

“…HCFC-22 contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion, and both species are potent greenhouse gases. …”
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Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3, black carbon, and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory by DeWitt, H. Langley, Gasore, Jimmy, Rupakheti, Maheswar, Potter, Katherine E., Prinn, Ronald G., Ndikubwimana, Jean de Dieu, Nkusi, Julius, Safari, Bonfils

“…Spectral aerosol absorption measured with a dual-spot Aethalometer varies seasonally due to changes in types of fuel burned and the direction of pollution transport to the site. Ozone concentrations peaked during Rwanda’s dry seasons (daily measured maximum of 70 ppbv). …”
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