Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of the Permian-Triassic Boundary Section at Meishan, South China by Dudás, Francis Ö., Zhang, Hua, Shen, Shu-Zhong, Bowring, Samuel A.

“…We report extensive major and trace element data for the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) at Meishan, China. …”
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Origins of Major Element, Trace Element, and Isotope Garnet Signatures in Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalts by Krein, Stephanie Brown, Behn, Mark Dietrich, Grove, Timothy L.

“…While we do not test the process of random mixing, we find that near-fractional and pooled melts of variable major and trace element mantle peridotite compositions at different mantle potential temperatures can explain the range of garnet signatures in MORB. …”
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Air–Sea Enthalpy and Momentum Exchange at Major Hurricane Wind Speeds Observed during CBLAST by Bell, Michael M., Montgomery, Michael T., Emanuel, Kerry Andrew

“…An analysis of six missions from the 2003 Coupled Boundary Layers Air–Sea Transfer (CBLAST) field program in major hurricanes Fabian and Isabel was conducted using a new variational technique. …”
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Physical Weathering Intensity Controls Bioavailable Primary Iron(II) Silicate Content in Major Global Dust Sources by Shoenfelt, Elizabeth M., Winckler, Gisela, Annett, Amber L., Hendry, Katharine R., Bostick, Benjamin C.

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Seasonal hydrology drives rapid shifts in the flux and composition of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and major and trace ions in the Fraser River, Canada by Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Eglinton, T. I., Spencer, R. G. M., Bulygina, E., Galy, V., Lamborg, Carl H., Ganguli, P. M., Marsh, S., Gillies, S. L., Fanslau, J., Epp, A., Luymes, R., Voss, Britta M., Montlucon, D. B.

“…Previous time series sampling (at twice monthly frequency) of dissolved inorganic species in the Fraser River has revealed smooth seasonal transitions in concentrations of major ions and tracers of water and dissolved load sources between freshet and base flow periods. …”
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Melting systematics in mid-ocean ridge basalts: Application of a plagioclase-spinel melting model to global variations in major element chemistry and crustal thickness by Behn, Mark, Grove, Timothy L.

“…We present a new model for anhydrous melting in the spinel and plagioclase stability fields that provides enhanced predictive capabilities for the major element compositional variability found in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs). …”
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Melt generation, crystallization, and extraction beneath segmented oceanic transform faults by Gregg, Patricia M., Behn, Mark, Lin, J., Grove, Timothy L.

“…Finally, we show that mantle potential temperature Tp = 1350°C and fractional crystallization at depths of 9–15.5 km fit the majority of the major element geochemical data from the Siqueiros transform fault system.…”
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FORMATION OF CLOSE IN SUPER-EARTHS AND MINI-NEPTUNES: REQUIRED DISK MASSES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS by Schlichting, Hilke E

“…How and where these close-in planets formed is one of the major unanswered questions in planet formation. Here, we calculate the required disk masses for in situ formation of the Kepler planets. …”
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Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite by Grove, Timothy L., Holbig, Eva S., Barr, Jay A., Till, Christy B., Krawczynski, Michael J.

“…We also use the model in conjunction with a published predictive model for plagioclase and spinel lherzolite to characterize the differences in major element composition for melts in the plagioclase, spinel and garnet facies and develop tests to distinguish between melts of these three lherzolite facies based on major elements. …”
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The Cosmic Zoo: The (Near) Inevitability of the Evolution of Complex, Macroscopic Life by Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Bains, William

“…Our evolution is marked by several major steps or innovations along a path of increasing complexity from microbes to space-faring humans. …”
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THE SHAPE OF LITTLE THINGS DWARF GALAXIES DDO 46 AND DDO 168: UNDERSTANDING THE STELLAR AND GAS KINEMATICS by Johnson, Megan C., Hunter, Deidre, Wood, Sarah, Oh, Se-Heon, Zhang, Hong-Xin, Herrmann, Kimberly A., Levine, Stephen E.

“…We acquired spectra of DDO 168 along four position angles (PAs) by placing the slit over the morphological major and minor axes and two intermediate PAs. However, due to poor weather conditions during our observing run for DDO 46, we were able to extract only one useful data point from the morphological major axis. …”
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On the Identification of the Downward Propagation of Arctic Stratospheric Climate Change over Recent Decades by Solomon, Susan, Thompson, David W. J., Ivy, Diane J

“…It is shown that this approach clarifies the behavior for years without major warmings and that dynamically quiescent years are marked by a strengthening of the Arctic polar vortex over the past 30 years. …”
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Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico by Christian, T. J., Yokelson, R. J., Cardenas, B., Molina, Luisa Tan, Engling, G., Hsu, S.-C.

“…With several simple case studies we show that cooking fires can be a major, or the major, source of several gases and fine particles in developing countries. …”
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Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate-Based Standardization by Bernasconi, Stefano M., Müller, Inigo A., Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M., Fernandez, Alvaro, Hodell, David A., Jaggi, Madalina, Meckler, Anna Nele, Millan, Isabel, Ziegler, Martin, Bergmann, Kristin

“…About a decade after its introduction, the field of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry is rapidly expanding because of the large number of possible applications and its potential to solve long-standing questions in Earth Sciences. Major factors limiting the application of this method are the very high analytical precision required for meaningful interpretations, the relatively complex sample preparation procedures, and the mass spectrometric corrections needed. …”
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Life: the first two billion years by Knoll, Andrew H., Strauss, Justin V., Bergmann, Kristin

“…Geochemistry provides a major constraint on early evolution, indicating that the first bacteria were shaped by anoxic environments, with distinct patterns of major and micronutrient availability. …”
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The decadal mean ocean circulation and Sverdrup balance by Wunsch, Carl Isaac

“…Elementary Sverdrup balance is tested in the context of the time-average of a 16-year duration time-varying ocean circulation estimate employing the great majority of global-scale data available between 1992 and 2007. …”
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Mineral protection regulates long-term global preservation of natural organic carbon by Hemingway, Jordon Dennis

“…The balance between photosynthetic organic carbon production and respiration controls atmospheric composition and climate1,2. The majority of organic carbon is respired back to carbon dioxide in the biosphere, but a small fraction escapes remineralization and is preserved over geological timescales3. …”
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Niche expansion for phototrophic sulfur bacteria at the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition by Cui, Xingqian, Liu, Xiao-Lei, Shen, Gaozhong, Ma, Jian, Husain, Fatima, Rocher, Donald, Zumberge, John E, Bryant, Donald A, Summons, Roger E

“…In contrast, isorenieratane is only a minor constituent within Neoproterozoic marine sediments and Phanerozoic lacustrine paleoenvironments, for which the major compounds detected are renierapurpurane and renieratane, together with some novel C39 and C38 carotenoid degradation products. …”
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An oversimplified picture of the climate behavior based on a single process can lead to distorted conclusions by Lindzen, Richard S

“…We then review the history of scientific approaches to major problems in climate, noting that the centrality of the contribution of carbon dioxide is relatively recent, and probably inappropriate to much of the Earth’s climate history. …”
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The CLIMODE Field Campaign Observing the Cycle of Convection and Restratification over the Gulf Stream by Thomas, L., Talley, L., Silverthorne, K., Skyllingstad, E., Samelson, R., Lumpkin, R., Palter, J., Lozier, S., Kelly, K., Gregg, M., Edson, J., Weller, R., Toole, J., Straneo, F., Joyce, T., Fratantoni, D., Doney, Scott C., Dewar, W., Bates, N., Andersson, A., Maze, Guillaume O., Forget, Gael, Ferrari, Raffaele, Marshall, John C

“…A major oceanographic field experiment is described, which is designed to observe, quantify, and understand the creation and dispersal of weakly stratified fluid known as “mode water” in the region of the Gulf Stream. …”
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