Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Frontal Electroencephalogram Power and Coherence by Akeju, Oluwaseun, Pavone, Kara J., Sampson, Aaron L., Hartnack, Katharine E., Purdon, Patrick L., Purdon, Patrick Lee, Westover, M Brandon, Brown, Emery Neal

“…The authors compared the electroencephalogram signatures of sevoflurane with that of propofol using time-varying spectral and coherence methods. …”
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Electroencephalogram signatures of loss and recovery of consciousness from propofol by Purdon, Patrick Lee, Ching, Shinung, Pierce, Eric T., Mukamel, Eran A., Prerau, Michael J., Walsh, John L., Wong, Kin Foon K., Salazar-Gomez, Andres F., Harrell, P. Grace, Sampson, Aaron L., Cimenser, Aylin, Kopell, Nancy J., Tavares-Stoeckel, Casie, Habeeb, Kathleen, Merhar, Rebecca C., Brown, Emery Neal

“…To develop EEG signatures that track loss and recovery of consciousness under GA, we recorded high-density EEGs in humans during gradual induction of and emergence from unconsciousness with propofol. The subjects executed an auditory task at 4-s intervals consisting of interleaved verbal and click stimuli to identify loss and recovery of consciousness. …”
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Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across Primate Neocortex by Ishizawa, Y., Ahmed, O. J., Patel, S. R., Gale, J. T., Sierra-Mercado, D., Eskandar, E. N., Brown, Emery Neal

“…Here, we studied intracortical neuronal dynamics leading to propofol-induced unconsciousness by recording single-neuron activity and local field potentials directly in the functionally interconnecting somatosensory (S1) and frontal ventral premotor (PMv) network during a gradual behavioral transition from full alertness to loss of consciousness (LOC) and on through a deeper anesthetic level. …”
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Rapid fragmentation of neuronal networks at the onset of propofol-induced unconsciousness by Lewis, Laura D., Weiner, Veronica S., Mukamel, Eran A., Donoghue, Jacob Alexander, Eskandar, Emad, Madsen, Joseph R., Anderson, William S., Hochberg, Leigh R., Cash, Sydney S., Browna, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick L.

“…We analyzed local and global neuronal network changes that occurred simultaneously with loss of consciousness. We show that propofol-induced unconsciousness occurs within seconds of the abrupt onset of a slow (<1 Hz) oscillation in the local field potential. …”
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A Transition in Brain State during Propofol-Induced Unconsciousness by Weiner, Veronica S., Mukamel, Eran A., Pirondini, Elvira, Babadi, Behtash, Wong, Kin Foon Kevin, Pierce, Eric T., Harrell, P. Grace, Walsh, John L., Salazar-Gomez, Andres F., Cash, Sydney S., Eskandar, Emad, Purdon, Patrick L., Brown, Emery Neal

“…Using high-density EEG and intracranial electrocorticography during gradual induction of propofol general anesthesia in humans, we discovered a rapid drug-induced transition between distinct states with opposite phase-amplitude coupling and different cortical source distributions. …”
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Thalamocortical synchronization during induction and emergence from propofol-induced unconsciousness by Flores, Francisco J., Hartnack, Katharine E., Fath, Amanda B., Purdon, Patrick L., Kim, Seong-Eun, Brown, Emery Neal, Wilson, Matthew A.

“…In this paper, we provide in vivo evidence in rats that alpha oscillations (10–15 Hz) induced by the commonly used anesthetic drug propofol are synchronized between the thalamus and the medial prefrontal cortex. …”
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Thalamocortical Mechanisms for the Anteriorization of Alpha Rhythms during Propofol-Induced Unconsciousness by Vijayan, Sujith, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Kopell, Nancy J., Ching, Shinung, Brown, Emery Neal

“…As humans are induced into a state of general anesthesia via propofol, the normal alpha rhythm (8–13 Hz) in the occipital cortex disappears and a frontal alpha rhythm emerges. …”
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Modeling the dynamical effects of anesthesia on brain circuits by Ching, ShiNung, Brown, Emery Neal

“…We review recent model descriptions of the commonly observed EEG patterns associated with propofol: paradoxical excitation, strong frontal alpha oscillations, anteriorization and burst suppression. …”
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A closed-loop anesthetic delivery system for real-time control of burst suppression by Chemali, Jessica, Liberman, Max Y., Ching, Shinung, Brown, Emery Neal

“…We demonstrate reliable performance of our system in simulation studies of burst suppression control using both propofol and etomidate in rodent experiments based on Vijn and Sneyd, and in human experiments based on the Schnider pharmacokinetic model for propofol. …”
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Real-time Closed-loop Control in a Rodent Model of Medically Induced Coma Using Burst Suppression by Liberman, Max Y., Chemali, Jessica J., Westover, M. Brandon, Kenny, Jonathan D., Solt, Ken, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Ching, Shinung, Brown, Emery Neal

“…Methods:: In six rats, the authors implemented a closed-loop anesthetic delivery system for propofol consisting of: a computer-controlled pump infusion, a two-compartment pharmacokinetics model defining propofol’s electroencephalogram effects, the burst-suppression probability algorithm to compute in real time from the electroencephalogram the brain’s burst-suppression state, an online parameter-estimation procedure and a proportional-integral controller. …”
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Influence of midazolam premedication on intraoperative EEG signatures in elderly patients by Windmann, Victoria, Spies, Claudia, Brown, Emery Neal, Kishnan, Devika, Lichtner, Gregor, Koch, Susanne

“…Absolute power within the delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (12–25 Hz) frequency-bands was analyzed in EEG-sections before (pre-induction), and after induction of anesthesia with propofol (post-induction), as well as during general anesthesia with either propofol or volatile-anesthetics (intra-operative). …”
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Dextroamphetamine (but Not Atomoxetine) Induces Reanimation from General Anesthesia: Implications for the Roles of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in Active Emergence by Kenny, Jonathan Dillion, Taylor, Norman E., Solt, Ken, Brown, Emery Neal

“…After a single dose of propofol (8 mg/kg IV), the mean emergence times for rats that received normal saline (vehicle) and dextroamphetamine (1 mg/kg IV) were 641 sec and 404 sec, respectively (n = 8 each). …”
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Local cortical dynamics of burst suppression in the anaesthetized brain by Peterfreund, R. A., Eskandar, Emad, Cash, Sydney S., Purdon, P. L., Lewis, Laura D., Ching, Shinung, Weiner, Veronica S., Brown, Emery Neal

“…To address this question, we recorded intracranial electrocorticograms from patients who entered burst suppression while receiving propofol general anaesthesia. The electrodes were broadly distributed across cortex, enabling us to examine both the dynamics of burst suppression within local cortical regions and larger-scale network interactions. …”
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