Electroencephalogram signatures of loss and recovery of consciousness from propofol by Purdon, Patrick Lee, Ching, Shinung, Pierce, Eric T., Mukamel, Eran A., Prerau, Michael J., Walsh, John L., Wong, Kin Foon K., Salazar-Gomez, Andres F., Harrell, P. Grace, Sampson, Aaron L., Cimenser, Aylin, Kopell, Nancy J., Tavares-Stoeckel, Casie, Habeeb, Kathleen, Merhar, Rebecca C., Brown, Emery Neal

“…To develop EEG signatures that track loss and recovery of consciousness under GA, we recorded high-density EEGs in humans during gradual induction of and emergence from unconsciousness with propofol. The subjects executed an auditory task at 4-s intervals consisting of interleaved verbal and click stimuli to identify loss and recovery of consciousness. …”
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Rapid fragmentation of neuronal networks at the onset of propofol-induced unconsciousness by Lewis, Laura D., Weiner, Veronica S., Mukamel, Eran A., Donoghue, Jacob Alexander, Eskandar, Emad, Madsen, Joseph R., Anderson, William S., Hochberg, Leigh R., Cash, Sydney S., Browna, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick L.

“…We analyzed local and global neuronal network changes that occurred simultaneously with loss of consciousness. We show that propofol-induced unconsciousness occurs within seconds of the abrupt onset of a slow (<1 Hz) oscillation in the local field potential. …”
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A Transition in Brain State during Propofol-Induced Unconsciousness by Weiner, Veronica S., Mukamel, Eran A., Pirondini, Elvira, Babadi, Behtash, Wong, Kin Foon Kevin, Pierce, Eric T., Harrell, P. Grace, Walsh, John L., Salazar-Gomez, Andres F., Cash, Sydney S., Eskandar, Emad, Purdon, Patrick L., Brown, Emery Neal

“…Using high-density EEG and intracranial electrocorticography during gradual induction of propofol general anesthesia in humans, we discovered a rapid drug-induced transition between distinct states with opposite phase-amplitude coupling and different cortical source distributions. …”
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A beamforming approach to phase-amplitude modulation analysis of multi-channel EEG by Sampson, A. L., Mukamel, Eran A., Babadi, Behtash, Prerau, Michael J., Brown, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick Lee

“…We apply this method to 64-channel EEG data recorded during propofol general anesthesia. The method improves the sensitivity of phase-amplitude analyses, and can be applied to a variety of multi-channel neuroscience data where phase-amplitude modulation is present.…”
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Bayesian analysis of trinomial data in behavioral experiments and its application to human studies of general anesthesia by Purdon, Patrick Lee, Brown, Emery N., Wong, Kin Foon Kevin, Smith, Anne C., Pierce, Eric T., Harrell, P. Grace, Walsh, John L., Salazar, Andres Felipe, Tavares, Casie L., Cimenser, Aylin, Prerau, Michael J., Mukamel, Eran A., Sampson, Aaron

“…We show applications of this approach to an example of responses to auditory stimuli at varying levels of propofol anesthesia ranging from light sedation to deep anesthesia in human subjects. …”
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Phase-based measures of cross-frequency coupling in brain electrical dynamics under general anesthesia by Wong, Kin Foon, Brown, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick Lee, Mukamel, Eran A., Prerau, Michael J.

“…SynchFastSlow, a metric that is used in clinical depth-of-anesthesia monitors, showed a robust correlation with the loss of consciousness at the induction of propofol GA, but this could be largely explained by power spectral changes without considering cross-frequency coupling. …”
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