Typhoid fever by Meiring, JE, Khanam, F, Basnyat, B, Charles, RC, Crump, JA, Debellut, F, Holt, KE, Kariuki, S, Mugisha, E, Neuzil, KM, Parry, CM, Pitzer, VE, Pollard, AJ, Qadri, F, Gordon, MA

“…Typhoid fever is an invasive bacterial disease associated with bloodstream infection that causes a high burden of disease in Africa and Asia. …”

Vi-specific serological correlates of protection for typhoid fever by Jin, C, Hill, J, Gunn, BM, Yu, W-H, Dahora, LC, Jones, E, Johnson, M, Gibani, MM, Spreng, RL, Alam, SM, Nebykova, A, Juel, HB, Dennison, SM, Seaton, KE, Fallon, JK, Tomaras, GD, Alter, G, Pollard, AJ

Molecular correlates of vaccine-induced protection against typhoid fever by Zhu, H, Chelysheva, I, Cross, DL, Blackwell, L, Jin, C, Gibani, MM, Jones, E, Hill, J, Trück, J, Kelly, DF, Blohmke, C, Pollard, AJ, O'Connor, D

“…<p><strong>BACKGROUND.</strong> Typhoid fever is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi and poses a substantial public health burden worldwide. …”

Case report: Typhoid fever complicated by ileal perforation in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh by Khanam, F, Darton, TC, Ross, AGP, Zaman, K, Pollard, AJ, Clemens, JD, Qadri, F

“…Intestinal perforation is one of the most dangerous complications of typhoid fever and demands urgent hospitalization, diagnosis, and surgical management to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality. …”

Vi-vaccinations include heterogeneous plasma cell responses that associate with protection from typhoid fever by Cross, DL, Verheul, MK, Leipold, MD, Obermoser, G, Jin, C, Jones, E, Starr, JS, Mohorianu, I, Blohmke, CJ, Maecker, HT, Napolitani, G, Hill, J, Pollard, AJ

“…Vi-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are efficacious against cases of typhoid fever; however, an absolute correlate of protection is not established. …”

Induction of cell cycle and NK cell responses by live-attenuated oral vaccines against typhoid fever by Blohmke, CJ, Hill, J, Darton, TC, Carvalho-Burger, M, Eustace, A, Jones, C, Schreiber, F, Goodier, MR, Dougan, G, Nakaya, HI, Pollard, AJ

“…The mechanisms by which oral, live-attenuated vaccines protect against typhoid fever are poorly understood. Here, we analyze transcriptional responses after vaccination with Ty21a or vaccine candidate, M01ZH09. …”

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever by Salerno-Gonçalves, R, Fresnay, S, Magder, L, Darton, TC, Waddington, CS, Blohmke, CJ, Angus, B, Levine, MM, Pollard, AJ, Sztein, MB

“…Here, we found that MAIT cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever. We also observed that the cytokine patterns of MAIT cell responses, rather than the average number of cytokines expressed, are more predictive of typhoid fever outcomes. …”

Estimating the effect of vaccination on antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever in 73 countries supported by Gavi: a mathematical modelling study by Birger, R, Antillón, M, Bilcke, J, Dolecek, C, Dougan, G, Pollard, AJ, Neuzil, KM, Frost, I, Laxminarayan, R, Pitzer, VE

“…<strong>Background<br></strong> Multidrug resistance and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility (FQNS) are major concerns for the epidemiology and treatment of typhoid fever. The 2018 prequalification of the first typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) by WHO provides an opportunity to limit the transmission and burden of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever. …”

A Bayesian approach for estimating typhoid fever incidence from large-scale facility-based passive surveillance data by Phillips, MT, Meiring, JE, Voysey, M, Warren, JL, Baker, S, Basnyat, B, Clemens, JD, Dolecek, C, Dunstan, SJ, Dougan, G, Gordon, MA, Thindwa, D, Heyderman, RS, Holt, KE, Qadri, F, Pollard, AJ, Pitzer, VE

“…Decisions about typhoid fever prevention and control are based on estimates of typhoid incidence and their uncertainty. …”

Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes by Carey, ME, Dyson, ZA, Ingle, DJ, Amir, A, Aworh, MK, Chattaway, MA, Chew, KL, Crump, JA, Feasey, NA, Howden, BP, Keddy, KH, Maes, M, Parry, CM, Van Puyvelde, S, Webb, HE, Afolayan, AO, Alexander, AP, Anandan, S, Andrews, JR, Ashton, PM, Basnyat, B, Bavdekar, A, Bogoch, II, Clemens, JD, da Silva, KE, De, A, de Ligt, J, Diaz Guevara, PL, Dolecek, C, Dutta, S, Ehlers, MM, Francois Watkins, L, Garrett, DO, Godbole, G, Gordon, MA, Greenhill, AR, Griffin, C, Gupta, M, Hendriksen, RS, Heyderman, RS, Hooda, Y, Hormazabal, JC, Ikhimiukor, OO, Iqbal, J, Jacob, JJ, Jenkins, C, Jinka, DR, John, J, Kang, G, Kanteh, A, Pollard, AJ, Argimón, S, Aanensen, DM

Assessment of vaccine herd protection in a cluster-randomised trial of Vi conjugate vaccine against typhoid fever: results of further analysis by Khanam, F, Kim, DR, Liu, X, Voysey, M, Pitzer, VE, Zaman, K, Pollard, AJ, Qadri, F, Clemens, JD

“…Vi-TT protection against typhoid fever, detected at 8 treatment centres serving the study population, was compared in the original clusters for the trial, and for progressively more central subclusters (&ldquo;yolks&rdquo; of the &ldquo;fried egg&rdquo;) of the cluster residents. …”

Investigating the burden of acute and chronic typhoid fever and the relative contribution to ongoing transmission of salmonella typhi in three urban sites in Africa and Asia by Meiring, J

Protection by vaccination of children against typhoid fever with a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in urban Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised trial by Qadri, F, Khanam, F, Liu, X, Theiss-Nyland, K, Biswas, PK, Bhuiyan, AI, Ahmmed, F, Colin-Jones, R, Smith, N, Tonks, S, Voysey, M, Mujadidi, YF, Mazur, O, Rajib, NH, Hossen, MI, Ahmed, SU, Khan, A, Rahman, N, Babu, G, Greenland, M, Kelly, S, Ireen, M, Islam, K, O'Reilly, P, Scherrer, KS, Pitzer, VE, Neuzil, KM, Zaman, K, Pollard, AJ, Clemens, JD

“…<p><strong>Background</strong></p> Typhoid fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. …”

The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa (SETA), Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India (SEFI), and Strategic Typhoid Alliance Across Africa and Asia (STRATAA) Population-based Enteric Fever Studies: a review of methodological similarities and differences by Carey, ME, MacWright, WR, Im, J, Meiring, JE, Gibani, MM, Park, SE, Longley, A, Jeon, HJ, Hemlock, C, Yu, AT, Soura, A, Aiemjoy, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Terferi, M, Islam, S, Lunguya, O, Jacobs, J, Gordon, M, Dolecek, C, Baker, S, Pitzer, VE, Yousafzai, MT, Tonks, S, Clemens, JD, Date, K, Qadri, F, Heyderman, RS, Saha, SK, Basnyat, B, Okeke, IN, Qamar, FN, Voysey, M, Luby, S, Kang, G, Andrews, J, Pollard, AJ, John, J, Garrett, D, Marks, F

Typhoid conjugate vaccines: Advancing the research and public health agendas by Birkhold, M, Mwisongo, A, Pollard, AJ, Neuzil, KM

“…The disease burden of typhoid fever remains high in endemic areas in Asia and Africa, especially in children. …”

Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Nepal: final results of a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial by Shakya, M, Voysey, M, Theiss-Nyland, K, Colin-Jones, R, Pant, D, Adhikari, A, Tonks, S, Mujadidi, YF, O'Reilly, P, Mazur, O, Kelly, S, Liu, X, Maharjan, A, Dahal, A, Haque, N, Pradhan, A, Shrestha, S, Joshi, M, Smith, N, Hill, J, Clarke, J, Stockdale, L, Jones, E, Lubinda, T, Bajracharya, B, Dongol, S, Karkey, A, Baker, S, Dougan, G, Pitzer, VE, Neuzil, KM, Shrestha, S, Basnyat, B, Pollard, AJ

“…<br><strong>Background<br></strong> Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in low-resource settings. …”

A Salmonella typhi controlled human infection study for assessing correlation between bactericidal antibodies and protection against infection induced by typhoid vaccination by Jones, E, Jin, C, Stockdale, L, Dold, C, Pollard, AJ, Hill, J

“…Vi-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are efficacious against typhoid fever in children living in endemic settings, their recent deployment is a promising step in the control of typhoid fever. …”

Distinct glycosylation and functional profile of typhoid vaccine-induced antibodies in a UK challenge study and Nepalese children by Stockdale, LK, de Haan, N, Hill, J, Johnson, M, Tomic, A, Wuhrer, M, Jones, E, Jin, C, Nouta, J, Koeleman, CAM, Verheul, M, Basnyat, B, Shakya, M, Pant, D, Provstgaard-Morys, S, Pollard, AJ

“…Vaccines against typhoid fever have been shown to be safe and effective in field trials. …”

Salmonella Typhi Vi capsule prime-boost vaccination induces convergent and functional antibody responses by Dahora, LC, Verheul, MK, Williams, KL, Jin, C, Stockdale, L, Pollard, AJ, Cavet, G, Giladi, E, Hill, J, Kim, D, Leung, Y, Bobay, BG, Spicer, LD, Sawant, S, Rijpkema, S, Dennison, SM, Alam, SM, Tomaras, GD

“…Antibodies elicited by these vaccines are important for mediating protection against typhoid fever. However, the characteristics of protective and functional Vi antibodies are unknown. …”

Prevention of typhoid by Vi conjugate vaccine and achievable improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene: evidence from a cluster-randomized trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh by Tadesse, BT, Khanam, F, Ahmmed, F, Im, J, Islam, MT, Kim, DR, Kang, SSY, Liu, X, Chowdhury, F, Ahmed, T, Binte Aziz, A, Hoque, M, Park, J, Pak, G, Zaman, K, Khan, AI, Pollard, AJ, Kim, JH, Marks, F, Qadri, F, Clemens, JD

“…<p><strong>Background</strong></p> Typhoid fever contributes to approximately 135 000 deaths annually. …”