Insomnia and paranoia. by Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Vorontsova, N, Southgate, L

“…Insomnia is a potential cause of anxiety, depression, and anomalies of experience; separate research has shown that anxiety, depression and anomalies of experience are predictors of paranoia. Thus insomnia may contribute to the formation and maintenance of persecutory ideation. …”

The Dunn Worry Questionnaire and the Paranoia Worries Questionnaire: new assessments of worry by Freeman, D, Bird, J, Loe, B, Kingdon, D, Startup, H, Clark, D, Ehlers, A, Černis, E, Wingham, G, Evans, N, Lister, R, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Dunn, G

“…<br/><br/> <strong>Results</strong> A 10-item general worry scale (Dunn Worry Questionnaire; DWQ) and a five-item paranoia worry scale (Paranoia Worries Questionnaire; PWQ) were developed. …”

Testing the continuum of delusional beliefs: an experimental study using virtual reality. by Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Vorontsova, N, Antley, A, Slater, M

“…Three groups (low paranoia, high nonclinical paranoia, persecutory delusions) of 30 participants were recruited. …”

Worry processes in patients with persecutory delusions by Startup, H, Pugh, K, Dunn, G, Cordwell, J, Mander, H, Černis, E, Wingham, G, Shirvell, K, Kingdon, D, Freeman, D

“…Worry may be common in patients with paranoia and a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of the delusions. …”

Virtual reality study of paranoid thinking in the general population. by Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Antley, A, Slater, M, Bebbington, P, Gittins, M, Dunn, G, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Garety, P

“…Unfounded mistrust is called paranoia, and in severe forms is a central symptom of schizophrenia. …”

A measure of state persecutory ideation for experimental studies. by Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Green, C, Valmaggia, L, Dunn, G, Garety, P

“…We report the reliability and validity of the first state measure of paranoia: The State Social Paranoia Scale. The items in the measure conform to a recent definition in which persecutory thinking has the 2 elements of feared harm and perpetrator intent. …”

Depersonalization in patients with persecutory delusions. by Cernis, E, Dunn, G, Startup, H, Kingdon, D, Wingham, G, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Mander, H, Freeman, D

“…A greater number of depersonalization experiences were associated with higher levels of paranoia and worry. The positive association of worry and paranoia became nonsignificant when controlling for depersonalization. …”

What makes one person paranoid and another person anxious? The differential prediction of social anxiety and persecutory ideation in an experimental situation. by Freeman, D, Gittins, M, Pugh, K, Antley, A, Slater, M, Dunn, G

“…Non-clinical paranoia may be a type of anxious fear. However, perceptual anomalies are a distinct predictor of paranoia. …”

An early Phase II randomised controlled trial testing the effect on persecutory delusions of using CBT to reduce negative cognitions about the self: The potential benefits of enhan... by Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Dunn, G, Evans, N, Sheaves, B, Waite, F, Cernis, E, Lister, R, Fowler, D

“…BACKGROUND: Research has shown that paranoia may directly build on negative ideas about the self. …”

An early Phase II randomised controlled trial testing the effect on persecutory delusions of using CBT to reduce negative cognitions about the self: The potential benefits of enhan... by Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Dunn, G, Evans, N, Sheaves, B, Waite, F, Cernis, E, Lister, R, Fowler, D

“… <p style="text-align:justify;"> <b>Background:</b> Research has shown that paranoia may directly build on negative ideas about the self. …”

The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis. by Freeman, D, Sheaves, B, Goodwin, G, Yu, L, Nickless, A, Harrison, P, Emsley, R, Luik, A, Foster, R, Wadekar, V, Hinds, C, Gumley, A, Jones, R, Lightman, S, Jones, S, Bentall, R, Kinderman, P, Rowse, G, Brugha, T, Blagrove, M, Gregory, A, Fleming, L, Walklet, E, Glazebrook, C, Davies, E, Hollis, C, Haddock, G, John, B, Coulson, M, Fowler, D, Pugh, K, Cape, J, Moseley, P, Brown, G, Hughes, C, Obonsawin, M, Coker, S, Watkins, E, Schwannauer, M, MacMahon, K, Siriwardena, A, Espie, C

“…Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. …”

The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis by Freeman, D, Sheaves, B, Goodwin, G, Yu, L, Nickless, A, Harrison, P, Emsley, R, Luik, A, Fosterk, R, Wadekar, V, Hinds, C, Gumley, A, Jones, R, Lightman, S, Jones, S, Bentall, R, Kinderman, P, Rowse, G, Brugha, T, Blagrove, M, Gregory, A, Fleming, L, Walklet, E, Glazebrook, C, Davies, E, Hollis, C, Haddock, G, John, B, Coulson, M, Fowler, D, Pugh, K, Cape, J, Moseley, P, Brown, G, Hughes, C, Obonsawin, M, Coker, S, Watkins, E, Schwannauer, M, Macmahon, K, Siriwardena, A, Espie, C

“…Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. …”

Persecutory delusions and psychological well-being. by Freeman, D, Startup, H, Dunn, G, Wingham, G, Černis, E, Evans, N, Lister, R, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Kingdon, D

“…In both groups, lower levels of well-being were associated with more severe paranoia. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of psychological well-being in patients with current persecutory delusions are strikingly low. …”

Persecutory delusions and psychological well-being by Freeman, D, Startup, H, Dunn, G, Wingham, G, Černis, E, Evans, N, Lister, R, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Kingdon, D

“…In both groups, lower levels of well-being were associated with more severe paranoia. Conclusions: Levels of psychological well-being in patients with current persecutory delusions are strikingly low. …”

How Do Individuals with Persecutory Delusions Bring Worry to a Close? An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. by Startup, H, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Kingdon, D, Freeman, D

“…Background: Worry is a significant problem for individuals with paranoia, leading to delusion persistence and greater levels of distress. …”

Persecutory delusions and psychological well-being by Freeman, D, Startup, H, Dunn, G, Wingham, G, Černis, E, Evans, N, Lister, R, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Kingdon, D

“…In both groups, lower levels of well-being were associated with more severe paranoia.<br/> <b>Conclusions:</b> Levels of psychological well-being in patients with current persecutory delusions are strikingly low. …”

The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire in Patients with Persecutory Delusions by Černis, E, Dunn, G, Startup, H, Kingdon, D, Wingham, G, Evans, N, Lister, R, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Mander, H, Freeman, D

“…Participants also completed measures of worry and paranoia. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the clinical group's PTQ responses to assess the factor structure of the measure. …”

Effects of cognitive behaviour therapy for worry on persecutory delusions in patients with psychosis (WIT): a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with a mediation a... by Freeman, D, Dunn, G, Startup, H, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Mander, H, Černis, E, Wingham, G, Shirvell, K, Kingdon, D

“…Our results suggest that worry might cause paranoia, and that worry intervention techniques might be a beneficial addition to the standard treatment of psychosis.…”