Nociceptive brain activity as a measure of analgesic efficacy in infants by Hartley, C, Duff, E, Green, G, Schmidt Mellado, G, Worley, A, Rogers, R, Slater, R

“…Here, we present an EEG-based measure of infant nociceptive brain activity that is evoked following acute noxious stimulation and is sensitive to analgesic modulation. …”

Changing balance of spinal cord excitability and nociceptive brain activity in early human development by Slater, R, Hartley, C, Moultrie, F, Gursul, D, Hoskin, A, Adams, E, Rogers, R

“…In 40 infants aged 28–42 weeks’ gestation, we examined the relationship between nociceptive brain activity and spinal reflex withdrawal activity in response to a clinically essential noxious procedure. …”

Functional and diffusion MRI reveal the neurophysiological basis of neonates’ noxious-stimulus evoked brain activity by Baxter, L, Moultrie, F, Fitzgibbon, S, Aspbury, M, Mansfield, R, Bastiani, M, Rogers, R, Jbabdi, S, Duff, E, Slater, R

“…In this neonatal multimodal MRI study, we use resting-state and diffusion MRI to investigate inter-individual variability in noxiousstimulus evoked brain activity. We observe that cerebral haemodynamic responses to experimental noxious stimulation can be predicted from separately acquired resting-state brain activity (n=18). …”

Noxious stimulation in children receiving general anaesthesia evokes an increase in delta frequency brain activity. by Hartley, C, Poorun, R, Goksan, S, Worley, A, Boyd, S, Rogers, R, Ali, T, Slater, R

“…More than 235,000children/year in the UK receive general anaesthesia, but it is unknown whether nociceptive stimuli alter cortical brain activity in anaesthetised children. Time-locked electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to experimental tactile stimuli, experimental noxious stimuli, and clinically required cannulation were examined in 51 children (ages 1-12years) under sevoflurane monoanaesthesia. …”

Using changes in brain activity to assess pain-relief in infants: methodological considerations with Benoit et al. (2021). by Baxter, L, Poorun, R, Rogers, R, van der Vaart, M, Worley, A, Hartley, C

Combining fMRI with a pharmacokinetic model to determine which brain areas activated by painful stimulation are specifically modulated by remifentanil. by Wise, R, Rogers, R, Painter, D, Bantick, S, Ploghaus, A, Williams, P, Rapeport, G, Tracey, I

“…The method of examining time-dependent pharmacological modulation of specific brain activity may be generalized to other drugs that modulate brain activity other than that associated with pain.…”

Behavioural discrimination of noxious stimuli in infants is dependent on brain maturation by Green, G, Hartley, C, Hoskin, A, Duff, E, Shriver, A, Wilkinson, D, Adams, E, Rogers, R, Moultrie, F, Slater, R

“…However, studies of early human brain development suggest that premature infants aged less than 34 weeks' gestation do not display discriminative brain activity patterns to equally salient noxious and innocuous events. …”

The anxiolytic effects of midazolam during anticipation to pain revealed using fMRI. by Wise, R, Lujan, B, Schweinhardt, P, Peskett, G, Rogers, R, Tracey, I

“…We present a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which we investigate the selective modulation by midazolam of brain activity associated with anticipation to pain compared to pain itself. …”

Analgesic efficacy and safety of morphine in the Procedural Pain in Premature Infants (Poppi) study: randomised placebo-controlled trial by Hartley, C, Moultrie, F, Hoskin, A, Green, G, Monk, V, Bell, J, King, A, Buckle, M, van Der Vaart, M, Gursul, D, Goksan, S, Juszczak, E, Norman, J, Rogers, R, Patel, C, Adams, E, Slater, R

“…The co-primary outcome measures were the Premature Infant Pain Profile–Revised (PIPP-R) score after retinopathy of prematurity screening and the magnitude of noxious-evoked brain activity after heel lancing. Secondary outcome measures assessed physiological stability and safety. …”

Analgesic efficacy and safety of morphine in the Procedural Pain in Premature Infants (Poppi) study: randomised placebo-controlled trial by Hartley, C, Moultrie, FA, Hoskin, A, Green, G, Monk, V, Bell, JL, King, AR, Buckle, M, Van Der Vaart, ML, Gursul, D, Goksan, S, Juszczak, ER, Norman, J, Rogers, R, Patel, CK, Adams, E, Slater, RLEA

“…The co-primary outcomes were the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) score after ROP screening and the magnitude of noxious-evoked brain activity following heel lancing. Secondary outcomes assessed physiological stability and safety. …”

fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain by Goksan, S, Hartley, C, Clare, S, Jenkinson, M, Tracey, I, Slater, R, Emery, F, Cockrill, N, Poorun, R, Moultrie, F, Rogers, R, Campbell, J, Sanders, M, Adams, E

“…Significant infant brain activity was observed in 18 of the 20 active adult brain regions but not in the infant amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex. …”

Quantifying individual noxious-evoked baseline sensitivity to optimise analgesic trials in neonates by Cobo, MM, Hartley, C, Gursul, D, Andritsou, F, van der Vaart, M, Schmidt Mellado, G, Baxter, L, Duff, EP, Buckle, M, Evans Fry, R, Green, G, Hoskin, A, Rogers, R, Adams, E, Moultrie, F, Slater, R

“…EEG (electroencephalography)-derived measures of noxious-evoked brain activity can be used to assess analgesic efficacy; however, as variability exists in neonate’s responses to painful procedures, large sample sizes are often required. …”

Optimal echo time for functional MRI of the infant brain identified in response to noxious stimulation by Goksan, S, Hartley, C, Hurley, S, Winkler, A, Duff, E, Jenkinson, M, Rogers, R, Clare, S, Slater, R

“…<strong>Purpose:</strong> Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) brain activity, measured using functional MRI (fMRI), is dependent on the echo time (TE) and the reversible spin–spin relaxation time constant (T! …”

A blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy of morphine analgesia for procedural pain in infants: Trial protocol by Slater, R, Hartley, C, Moultrie, F, Adams, E, Juszczak, E, Rogers, R, Norman, J, Patel, C, Stanbury, K, Hoskin, A, Green, G, Poppi Trial Team

“…The co-primary outcome will be the magnitude of nociceptive-specific brain activity evoked by a clinically-required heel lance. …”