Seasonal malaria chemoprevention: an evolving research paradigm by Snow, R

The management of fevers in Kenyan children and adults in an area of seasonal malaria transmission. by Guyatt, H, Snow, R

Predicting malaria seasons in Kenya using multitemporal meteorological satellite sensor data. by Hay, S, Snow, R, Rogers, D

“…This article describes research that predicts the seasonality of malaria in Kenya using remotely sensed images from satellite sensors. …”

From predicting mosquito habitat to malaria seasons using remotely sensed data: practice, problems and perspectives. by Hay, S, Snow, R, Rogers, D

The relationship between anthropometric measurements and measurements of iron status and susceptibility to malaria in Gambian children. by Snow, R, Byass, P, Shenton, F, Greenwood, B

“…Anthropometric measurements were made and serum iron and ferritin levels determined in a group of Gambian children at the beginning of the rainy season and these findings were related to the malaria experience of the children during the following malaria transmission season. …”

A trial of bed nets (mosquito nets) as a malaria control strategy in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. by Snow, R, Rowan, K, Lindsay, S, Greenwood, B

“…The incidence of febrile episodes with associated malaria parasitaemias throughout the rainy season and the prevalence of splenomegaly and parasitaemia at the end of the rainy season were determined in 233 children aged 1-9 years who slept under bed nets and in 163 children who did not. …”

Sporozoite antibodies and malaria in children in a rural area of The Gambia. by Snow, R, Shenton, F, Lindsay, S, Greenwood, B, Bennett, S, Wheeler, J, Del Giudice, G, Verdini, A, Pessi, A

“…Children who were seropositive at the beginning of the dry season had higher spleen and parasite rates both at this time and at the end of the subsequent rainy season than did seronegative children, suggesting that they were exposed more frequently to infection. …”

The effects of untreated bednets on malaria infection and morbidity on the Kenyan coast. by Mwangi, T, Ross, A, Marsh, K, Snow, R

“…The study was conducted in Kilifi District, Kenya, during the malaria season (June-August, 2000) and involved 416 children aged < or = 10 years. …”

Malaria in Kenya's western highlands. by Shanks, G, Hay, S, Omumbo, J, Snow, R

“…Antimalarial drugs can limit the pool of gametocytes available to infect mosquitoes during the brief transmission season.…”

Permethrin-treated bed nets (mosquito nets) prevent malaria in Gambian children. by Snow, R, Lindsay, S, Hayes, R, Greenwood, B

“…Insecticide-treated nets may be more effective in areas of seasonal or low intensity transmission than in areas with heavy perennial challenge.…”

Plasmodium falciparum infections are associated with agglutinating antibodies to parasite-infected erythrocyte surface antigens among healthy Kenyan children. by Bull, P, Lowe, B, Kaleli, N, Njuga, F, Kortok, M, Ross, A, Ndungu, F, Snow, R, Marsh, K

“…However, in a cross-sectional survey of Kenyan children before the malaria-transmission season, the proportion of children with antibodies recognizing randomly sampled VSAs was found to be strikingly higher among children with microscopically detectable P. falciparum infection, compared with those without detectable infection. …”

Responses of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to the use of untreated bednets in The Gambia. by Lindsay, S, Shenton, F, Snow, R, Greenwood, B

“…High densities of An. gambiae, sensu lato, were present for only 3-8 weeks during the rainy season, depending on the position of the hamlet within the study area. …”

A trial of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of malaria in Gambian children. by Snow, R, Rowan, K, Greenwood, B

“…Two groups of children, matched for age, sex, and malaria exposure, were followed through the rainy season of 1985 for illness and febrile episodes. One group of 205 children slept under permethrin-treated bed nets (0.5 g/m2); 184 children who slept under placebo-treated nets formed the control group. …”

Immunity to malaria in young Gambian children after a two-year period of chemoprophylaxis. by Otoo, L, Snow, R, Menon, A, Byass, P, Greenwood, B

“…When antibody levels were measured by ELISA and IFAT at the end of the following rainy season, when malaria transmission was intense, those in protected children had increased to comparable levels to those found in control children. …”

Impact of permethrin-treated bednets on malaria transmission by the Anopheles gambiae complex in The Gambia. by Lindsay, S, Snow, R, Broomfield, G, Janneh, MS, Wirtz, R, Greenwood, B

“…Permethrin-treated bednets are therefore recommended as a means of effectively reducing the risk of exposure to malaria transmission, particularly in areas of low seasonal transmission.…”

Modelling the incidence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Afghanistan 2006-2009 by Alegana, V, Wright, J, Nahzat, S, Butt, W, Sediqi, A, Habib, N, Snow, R, Atkinson, P, Noor, A

“…The incidence of both P. vivax and P. falciparum in Afghanistan remain low but the co-distribution of both parasites and the lag in their peak season provides challenges to malaria control in Afghanistan. …”

A national health facility survey of malaria infection among febrile patients in Kenya, 2014 by Githinji, S, Noor, A, Malinga, J, Macharia, P, Kiptui, R, Omar, A, Njagi, K, Waqo, E, Snow, R

“…Fifty patients with fever presenting to each sampled health facility during the short rainy season were screened for malaria infection using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). …”

Forecasting, warning, and detection of malaria epidemics: a case study. by Hay, S, Were, E, Renshaw, M, Noor, A, Ochola, SA, Olusanmi, I, Alipui, N, Snow, R

“…Seasonal climate forecasts did not anticipate the heavy rainfall. …”

Periodicity and space-time clustering of severe childhood malaria on the coast of Kenya. by Snow, R, Schellenberg, JR, Peshu, N, Forster, D, Newton, C, Winstanley, P, Mwangi, I, Waruiru, C, Warn, P, Newbold, C

“…The presentation of severe malaria showed marked seasonality, but the timing and magnitude of these fluctuations varied considerably between years. …”

Serologic markers for detecting malaria in areas of low endemicity, Somalia, 2008. by Bousema, T, Youssef, R, Cook, J, Cox, J, Alegana, V, Amran, J, Noor, A, Snow, R, Drakeley, C

“…Distance to the nearest seasonal river was negatively associated with P. falciparum (p = 0.028) and P. vivax seroreactivity (p = 0.016). …”