Audiovisual semantic interactions between linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli: The time-courses and categorical specificity by Chen, Y, Spence, C

“…Auditory cues were presented at 7 different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) with respect to the visual targets, and participants made speeded categorization judgments (living vs. nonliving). …”

Crossmodal spatial distraction across the lifespan by Pedale, T, Mastroberardino, S, Capurso, M, Bremner, A, Spence, C, Santangelo, V

“…Young children were highly susceptible to exogenous spatial distraction at the shortest SOA (50 ms), whereas older adults were distracted at all SOAs, showing significant exogenous capture effects during the visual search task. …”

Comparing audiovisual semantic interactions between linguistic and non-linguistic stimuli by Chen, Y, Spence, C

“…Auditory primes were presented at seven stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) with respect to the visual targets, ranging from auditory leading by 1000 ms to auditory lagging by 250 ms.…”

Evaluating the influence of frame rate on the temporal aspects of audiovisual speech perception. by Vatakis, A, Spence, C

“…Participants made unspeeded temporal order judgments (TOJs) regarding which signal (auditory or visual) was presented first for video clips presented at a range of different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. Temporal discrimination accuracy was unaffected by changes in frame rate, while lower frame rate speech video clips required larger visual-speech leads for the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) to be achieved than did higher frame rate video clips. …”

Multisensory temporal order judgments: the role of hemispheric redundancy. by Zampini, M, Shore, D, Spence, C

“…temporal order judgments (TOJs) in response to pairs of auditory and visual stimuli presented at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), using the method of constant stimuli. The presentation of auditory and visual stimuli from different spatial positions facilitated performance (i.e. just noticeable differences were lowered) only when the stimuli were presented across the body midline (Experiment 4), but not when both stimuli were either placed on the body midline (Experiments 1-3), or else within the same hemifield (Experiment 5). …”

Dissociating the timecourses of the crossmodal semantic priming effects elicited by naturalistic sounds and spoken words by Spence, C, Chen, Y

“…Naturalistic sounds consistently elicited a crossmodal semantic priming effect on visual sensitivity (d') for pictures (higher d' in the congruent than in the incongruent condition) at the 350 ms rather than at the 1000 ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Spoken words mainly elicited a crossmodal semantic priming effect at the 1000 ms rather than at the 350 ms SOA, but this effect was modulated by the order of testing these two SOAs. …”

Audiotactile temporal order judgments. by Zampini, M, Brown, T, Shore, D, Maravita, A, Röder, B, Spence, C

“…temporal order judgments (TOJs) to pairs of auditory and tactile stimuli presented at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. The stimuli were presented from either the same or different locations in order to explore the potential effect of redundant spatial information on audiotactile temporal perception. …”

Audiovisual asynchrony modulates the Colavita visual dominance effect. by Koppen, C, Spence, C

“…Furthermore, no Colavita effect was observed at those SOAs where the participants always perceived the visual stimulus as having come first. …”

'Prior entry' for pain: attention speeds the perceptual processing of painful stimuli. by Zampini, M, Bird, K, Bentley, D, Watson, A, Barrett, G, Jones, A, Spence, C

“…Two stimuli (one painful and the other visual) were presented randomly at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. Participants made unspeeded verbal responses as to which stimulus they perceived as having been presented first, or else responded that the two stimuli were presented simultaneously. …”

Exposure to asynchronous audiovisual speech extends the temporal window for audiovisual integration. by Navarra, J, Vatakis, A, Zampini, M, Soto-Faraco, S, Humphreys, W, Spence, C

“…While performing the monitoring task, participants were asked to judge the temporal order of pairs of auditory (white noise bursts) and visual stimuli (flashes) that were presented at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) during the session. The results showed that, while monitoring desynchronized speech or music, participants required a longer interval between the auditory and visual stimuli in order to perceive their temporal order correctly, suggesting a widening of the temporal window for audiovisual integration. …”

Audiovisual temporal order judgments. by Zampini, M, Shore, D, Spence, C

“…Pairs of auditory and visual stimuli were presented from either the left and/or right of fixation at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), and participants made unspeeded TOJs regarding either "Which modality was presented first?" …”

The time-course of the cross-modal semantic modulation of visual picture processing by naturalistic sounds and spoken words. by Chen, Y, Spence, C

“…Participants performed a speeded picture categorization task while hearing a task-irrelevant auditory stimulus presented at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) with respect to the visual picture. Both naturalistic sounds and spoken words gave rise to cross-modal semantic congruency effects (i.e., facilitation by semantically congruent sounds and inhibition by semantically incongruent sounds, as compared to a baseline noise condition) when the onset of the sound led that of the picture by 240 ms or more. …”

Audiotactile temporal order judgments in sighted and blind individuals. by Occelli, V, Spence, C, Zampini, M

“…Pairs of auditory and tactile stimuli were presented from the left and/or right of participants at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. The participants had to make unspeeded TOJs regarding which sensory modality had been presented first on each trial. …”

Temporal adaptation to audiovisual asynchrony generalizes across different sound frequencies by Navarra, J, García-Morera, J, Spence, C

“…In a second phase, the participants performed simultaneity judgments (SJs) regarding pairs of audiovisual stimuli that were presented at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and included either the same tone as in the exposure phase (a 250 Hz beep), another lowpitched beep (300 Hz), or a high-pitched beep (2500 Hz).Temporal realignment was always observed (when comparing SJ performance after exposure to asynchrony vs. synchrony), regardless of the frequency of the sound tested. …”

Audiovisual synchrony perception for speech and music assessed using a temporal order judgment task. by Vatakis, A, Spence, C

“…A series of speech (letters and syllables) and guitar and piano music (single and double notes) video clips were presented randomly at a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. Participants made unspeeded temporal order judgments (TOJs) regarding which stream (auditory or visual) appeared to have been presented first. …”

Audiovisual prior entry. by Zampini, M, Shore, D, Spence, C

“…Participants made simultaneous versus successive judgment responses regarding pairs of auditory and visual stimuli at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. In different blocks of trials, the participants were instructed to attend either to the auditory or to the visual modality, or else to divide their attention equally between the two modalities. …”

Audiovisual synchrony perception for music, speech, and object actions. by Vatakis, A, Spence, C

“…In Experiment 1, a series of music (guitar and piano), speech (sentences), and object action video clips were presented at a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. Participants made unspeeded temporal order judgments (TOJs) regarding which stream (auditory or visual) appeared to have been presented first. …”

The time course of attentional capture under dual-task conditions. by Santangelo, V, Botta, F, Lupiáñez, J, Spence, C

“…The results showed that peripheral onsets captured participants' attention at both the 80- and 190-ms stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) in the baseline condition. Crucially, however, during concurrent central monitoring, peripheral onsets were effective in capturing attention only at an 80-ms SOA, while the orienting effect disappeared as soon as a changing letter drew participants' attention back to the central stream (at an SOA of 190 ms). …”

Developmental changes in the perception of visuotactile simultaneity by Chen, Y, Lewis, T, Shore, D, Spence, C, Maurer, D

“…Participants were presented with a visual flash in the center of a computer monitor and a tap on their right index finger (located 20° below the flash) with 13 possible stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Participants reported whether the flash and tap were presented at the same time. …”

Evaluating the influence of the 'unity assumption' on the temporal perception of realistic audiovisual stimuli. by Vatakis, A, Spence, C

“…The auditory and visual stimuli were presented at a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) using the method of constant stimuli. Participants made unspeeded temporal order judgments (TOJs) regarding which modality stream had been presented first. …”