The structure of tumour necrosis factor--implications for biological function. by Jones, E, Stuart, D, Walker, N

“…Published data on site-directed mutagenesis and antibody binding may now be assessed in the light of the structure, thus the links between structure and function for TNF may be addressed. …”

Inhibition of apoptosis and NF-κB activation by vaccinia protein N1 occur via distinct binding surfaces and make different contributions to virulence. by Maluquer de Motes, C, Cooray, S, Ren, H, Almeida, G, McGourty, K, Bahar, M, Stuart, D, Grimes, J, Graham, S, Smith, G

“…Conversely, mutagenesis of the dimer interface converted N1 to a monomer and affected only inhibition of NF-κB activation. …”

Inhibition of Apoptosis and NF-kappa B Activation by Vaccinia Protein N1 Occur via Distinct Binding Surfaces and Make Different Contributions to Virulence by de Motes, C, Cooray, S, Ren, H, Almeida, G, McGourty, K, Bahar, M, Stuart, D, Grimes, J, Graham, S, Smith, G

“…Conversely, mutagenesis of the dimer interface converted N1 to a monomer and affected only inhibition of NF-κB activation. …”

Crystal structure of a heparin- and integrin-binding segment of human fibronectin. by Sharma, A, Askari, J, Humphries, M, Jones, E, Stuart, D

“…Asp184 clamps the BC loop of FN14, whose sequence (PRARI) is reminiscent of the synergy sequence (PHSRN) of FN9. Mutagenesis studies prompted by this observation reveal that both arginines of the PRARI sequence are important for alpha4beta1 binding to FN12-14. …”

The structure of the macrophage signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha) inhibitory receptor reveals a binding face reminiscent of that used by T cell receptors. by Hatherley, D, Harlos, K, Dunlop, D, Stuart, D, Barclay, N

“…The high resolution x-ray structure of the N-terminal ligand binding domain shows it to have a distinctive immunoglobulin superfamily V-like fold. Site-directed mutagenesis suggests that CD47 is bound at a surface involving the BC, FG, and DE loops, which distinguishes it from other immunoglobulin superfamily surface proteins that use the faces of the fold, but resembles antigen receptors. …”

The crystal structure of murine leukemia inhibitory factor by Robinson, R, Grey, L, Staunton, D, Stuart, D, Heath, J, Jones, E

“…Analysis of published mutagenesis data implicate two regions of receptor interaction which are located in the fourth helix and the preceding loop. …”

The crystal structure of murine leukemia inhibitory factor. by Robinson, R, Grey, L, Staunton, D, Stuart, D, Heath, J, Jones, E

“…Analysis of published mutagenesis data implicate two regions of receptor interaction which are located in the fourth helix and the preceding loop. …”

In vitro activities of the multifunctional RNA silencing polymerase QDE-1 of Neurospora crassa. by Aalto, A, Poranen, M, Grimes, J, Stuart, D, Bamford, D

“…In this study, we characterized the in vitro activities of the N-terminally truncated QDE-1ΔN utilizing structure-based mutagenesis. Our results indicate that QDE-1 displays five distinct catalytic activities, which can be dissected by mutating critical amino acids or by altering reaction conditions. …”

Insights into the pre-initiation events of bacteriophage phi 6 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: towards the assembly of a productive binary complex. by Sarin, L, Poranen, M, Lehti, N, Ravantti, J, Koivunen, MR, Aalto, A, van Dijk, A, Stuart, D, Grimes, J, Bamford, D

“…In this study, structure-based mutagenesis, enzymatic assays and molecular mapping of bacteriophage phi 6 RdRP and its RNA were used to elucidate the roles of the negatively charged plough area on the polymerase surface, of the rim of the template tunnel and of the template specificity pocket that is key in the formation of the productive RNA-polymerase binary complex. …”

Insights into the pre-initiation events of bacteriophage Φ6 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: towards the assembly of a productive binary complex by Sarin, L, Poranen, M, Lehti, N, Ravantti, J, Koivunen, M, Aalto, A, van Dijk, A, Stuart, D, Grimes, J, Bamford, D

“…In this study, structure-based mutagenesis, enzymatic assays and molecular mapping of bacteriophage Φ6 RdRP and its RNA were used to elucidate the roles of the negatively charged plough area on the polymerase surface, of the rim of the template tunnel and of the template specificity pocket that is key in the formation of the productive RNA-polymerase binary complex. …”

Using structural information to change the phosphotransfer specificity of a two-component chemotaxis signalling complex by Bell, C, Porter, S, Strawson, A, Stuart, D, Armitage, J

“…A methionine finger on CheY₆ that nestles in a hydrophobic pocket in CheA₃ was shown to be important for the interaction and was found to only occur in the cognate RRs of CheA₃, CheY₆, and CheB₂. Site-directed mutagenesis of this methionine in combination with two adjacent residues abolished binding, as shown by surface plasmon resonance studies, and phosphotransfer from CheA₃-P to CheY₆. …”

Using structural information to change the phosphotransfer specificity of a two-component chemotaxis signalling complex. by Bell, C, Porter, S, Strawson, A, Stuart, D, Armitage, J

“…A methionine finger on CheY(6) that nestles in a hydrophobic pocket in CheA(3) was shown to be important for the interaction and was found to only occur in the cognate RRs of CheA(3), CheY(6), and CheB(2). Site-directed mutagenesis of this methionine in combination with two adjacent residues abolished binding, as shown by surface plasmon resonance studies, and phosphotransfer from CheA(3)-P to CheY(6). …”

Using structural information to change the phosphotransfer specificity of a two-component chemotaxis signalling complex by Bell, C, Porter, S, Strawson, A, Stuart, D, Armitage, J

“…A methionine finger on CheY6 that nestles in a hydrophobic pocket in CheA 3 was shown to be important for the interaction and was found to only occur in the cognate RRs of CheA3, CheY6, and CheB 2. Site-directed mutagenesis of this methionine in combination with two adjacent residues abolished binding, as shown by surface plasmon resonance studies, and phosphotransfer from CheA3-P to CheY6. …”

A family of insertion mutations between codons 67 and 70 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confer multinucleoside analog resistance. by Larder, B, Bloor, S, Kemp, S, Hertogs, K, Desmet, R, Miller, V, Sturmer, M, Staszewski, S, Ren, J, Stammers, D, Stuart, D, Pauwels, R

“…Treatment history information showed that a common factor for the development of these variants was AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, zidovudine) therapy in combination with 2',3'-dideoxyinosine or 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, although treatment patterns varied considerably. Site-directed mutagenesis studies confirmed that 69Ser-(Ser-Ser) in an AZT resistance mutational background conferred simultaneous resistance to multiple nucleoside analogs. …”

Classical and nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex molecules exhibit subtle conformational differences that affect binding to CD8alphaalpha. by Gao, G, Willcox, B, Wyer, JR, Boulter, J, O'Callaghan, C, Maenaka, K, Stuart, D, Jones, E, Van Der Merwe, P, Bell, J, Jakobsen, B

“…Interestingly, CD8alphaalpha bound normally to the nonclassical MHC molecule HLA-G (K(d) approximately 150 microm), but only weakly to the natural killer cell receptor ligand HLA-E (K(d) >/= 1 mm). Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that variation in CD8alphaalpha binding affinity can be explained by amino acid differences within the alpha3 domain. …”