Determination of free fatty acids in crude palm oil, bleached palm oil and bleached deacidified palm oil by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. by Che Man, Yaakob, Aye, W.W, Tan, Chin Ping, Mohammed, Abdulkarim Sabo

“…A rapid method for quantitative determination of free fatty acids from crude palm oil to bleached palm oil (BPO) and then distilled BPO and refluxed BPO by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy is described. …”
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An improved palm oil refining process by Tan, Chin Ping, Zulkurnain, Musfirah, Lai, Oi Ming

“…The present invention relates to a process of refining palm oil in order to produce a refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil with reduced level of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters and equivalent RBD palm oil quality for all range of crude palm oil (CPO) feed. …”

Antioxidant and/or antimicrobial composition based on palm oil by Lai, Oi Ming, Tan, Chin Ping, Lai, Wee Ting, Khong, Nicholas Mun Hoe, Voon, Phooi Tee

“…The present invention discloses an antimicrobial, antioxidant and natural preservative comprising of palm-derived carotenoid rich oil, including but not limited to, red palm oil and it’s fractions that could be in the form of whole and/or neat oil (non-processed oil), fractionated fractions and/or extracts as well as mixtures and/or formulations with other oils such as virgin coconut oil. …”

Phase behavior of palm oil in blends with palm-based diacylglycerol by Saberi, Amir Hoessein, Tan, Chin Ping, Lai, Oi Ming

“…Phase behavior of palm oil (PO) in blends with different concentrations (10% intervals) of palm-based diacylglycerol oil (PO-DAG) was studied using the iso-solid diagram, solid fat content (SFC) with the hardness thermal protocol, DSC melting and crystallization curves, X-ray diffraction curves, and texture analysis (hardness). …”
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Solubility of red palm oil in supercritical carbon dioxide: measurement and modelling by Lee, Wan Jun, Tan, Chin Ping, Sulaiman, Rabiha, Chong, Gun Hean

“…The solubility of red palm oil (RPO) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was determined using a dynamic method at 8.5–25 MPa and, 313.15–333.15 K and at a fixed scCO2 flow rate of 2.9 g·min− 1 using a full factorial design. …”
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Palm oil consumption and its repercussion on endogenous fatty acids distribution by Li, Rui Zhi, Chen Cao, ., Zheng, Zhao Jun, Yang, Xiao Yan, Tan, Chin Ping, Xu, Yong Jiang, Liu, Yuan Fa

“…In this study, we characterized FA profiles in the liver and visceral fats of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-palm-oil diet. The investigation showed that the levels of C16:0 and C18:1 (n-9) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the liver of the high-palm-oil group (POG), while C16:1 (n-7) and C18:2 (n-6) accumulated markedly (P < 0.05) in the visceral fats of the control group (CN). …”

Extraction and physicochemical properties of low free fatty acid crude palm oil. by Tan, Choon Hui, Mohd Ghazali, Hasanah, Kuntom, Ainie, Tan, Chin Ping, Ariffin, Abdul Azis

“…The low free fatty acid crude palm oil exhibited good physicochemical properties and could be useful for industrial applications.…”
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A process for producing high oleic content liquid palm oil fraction by Lai, Oi Ming, Tan, Chin Ping, Mat Dian, Noor Lida Habi, Mat Sahri, Miskandar

“…A process for producing high oleic contentliquid palm oil fraction wherein the process includes subjecting substantially moisture-free palm oil to heat resulting in molten palm oil, lowering the temperature adding catalyst uinto the molten palm oil to initiate directed interesterification reaction, subjecting the oil-catalyst mixture to react at directed interesterification temperature, deactivating the catalyst, removing the catalyst from the directed interesterified palm oil, purifying the catalyst-free directed interesterified palm oil, purifying the catalyst-free directed interesterified palm oil, subjecting the purified directed interesterified palm oil, crystallizing the molten directed interesterified palm oil form high oleic content liquid palm olein and high palmitic content solid stearin fractions and seperating the high palmitic content stearin solid crystals resulting in high oleic content liquid palm oil fraction.…”

Microencapsulation of red palm oil as an oil-in-water emulsion with supercritical carbon dioxide solution-enhanced dispersion by Lee, Wan Jun, Tan, Chin Ping, Sulaiman, Rabiha, Lee, Richard Smith Jr., Chong, Gun Hean

“…Feasibility of microencapsulating red palm oil (RPO) with solution enhanced-dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide (SEDS) without using high-temperatures or organic solvents was assessed. …”
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Application of multivariate analysis for detection of crude palm oil adulteration through fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol profile by Inthiram, Anand Kumar, Mirhosseini, Hamed, Tan, Chin Ping, Mohamad, Rosfarizan, Lai, Oi Ming

“…This study focused on developing a reliable procedure for the identification of the adulteration of crude palm oil (CPO) by blending sludge oils (SO) and used vegetable oils (UVO) ranging from 1 to 20% (v/v). …”
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Physicochemical properties of enzymatically produced palm-oil-based cocoa butter substitute (CBS) with cocoa butter mixture by Biswas, Nirupam, Cheow, Yuen Lin, Tan, Chin Ping, Siow, Lee Fong

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Physicochemical properties of chitosan/graphene oxide composite films and their effects on storage stability of palm-oil based margarine by Foong, Han Lyn, Tan, Chin Ping, Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza, Zainal Abedin, Nur Hanani

“…This study investigated the application of active packaging from chitosan (CS) incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) to maintain the quality and extend the storage life of palm-oil based margarine. Composite films containing various concentrations of CS (1.5 and 2.0%w/v) and GO (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%w/w CS) were produced using the solution casting method and were characterized regarding their mechanical, barrier, and antioxidant properties. …”

The effects of physical refining on the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters in relation to palm oil minor components by Zulkurnain, Musfirah, Lai, Oi Ming, Latip, Razam Abdul, Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi, Ling, Tau Chuan, Tan, Chin Ping

“…The formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters in refined palm oil during deodorisation is attributed to the intrinsic composition of crude palm oil. …”

Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation by Zulkurnain, Musfirah, Lai, Oi Ming, Tan, Soo Choon, Abd Latif, Razam, Tan, Chin Ping

“…The reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation in refined palm oil was achieved by incorporation of additional processing steps in the physical refining process to remove chloroester precursors prior to the deodorization step. …”
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Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach by Hew, Khai Shin, Khor, Yih Phing, Tan, Tai Boon, Mat Yusoff, Masni, Lai, Oi Ming, Asis, Ahmad Jaril, Alharthi, Fahad A., Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi, Tan, Chin Ping

“…Therefore, a new palm oil refining process was developed to mitigate this problem. …”

Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining by Sim, Biow Ing, Khor, Yih Phing, Lai, Oi Ming, Yeoh, Chee Beng, Wang, Yong, Liu, Yuanfa, Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi, Tan, Chin Ping

“…The optimization resulted in more than 80% and 65% reduction of 3-MCPDE and GE levels, respectively with color and FFA contents maintained in the acceptable range specified by Palm Oil Refiners Association of Malaysia. The optimized refining condition was transferred to macro scale refining units of 1 kg and 3 kg capacities to investigate its successful application during scale-up process.…”
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Changes in oxidation indices and minor components of low free fatty acid and freshly extracted crude palm oils under two different storage conditions by Tan, Choon Hui, Ariffin, Abdul Azis, Mohd Ghazali, Hasanah, Tan, Chin Ping, Kuntom, Ainie, Choo, Adrian Cheng-Yong

“…This article reports on the changes of oxidation indices and minor components of low free fatty acid (FFA) and freshly extracted crude palm oils after storage at ambient (28 ± 1 C) and 60 C for 77 days. …”
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New insights on degumming and bleaching process parameters on the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined, bleached, deodorized palm oil by Sim, Biow Ing, Muhamad, Halimah, Lai, Oi Ming, Abas, Faridah, Yeoh, Chee Beng, Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi, Khor, Yih Phing, Tan, Chin Ping

“…Besides, the effects of crude palm oil quality was assessed and it was found that the quality of crude palm oil determines the level of formation of 3-MCPDE and glycidyl esters in palm oil during the high temperature deodorization step of physical refining process. …”
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Optimization of process parameters in preparation of tocotrienol-rich red palm oil-based nanoemulsion stabilized by Tween80-Span 80 using response surface methodology by Chong, Wai Ting, Tan, Chin Ping, Cheah, Yoke Kqueen, Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus, Mat Dian, Noor Lida Habi, Kanagaratnam, Sivaruby, Lai, Oi Ming

“…Red palm oil (RPO) is a natural source of Vitamin E (70–80% tocotrienol). …”
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Storage stability and degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds in red palm oil microcapsules produced with solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide: a comparison with the spray-drying method by Lee, Wan Jun, Tan, Chin Ping, Sulaiman, Rabiha, Hee, Yen Yi, Chong, Gun Hean

“…Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide (SEDS) and spray drying (SD) were used to microencapsulate red palm oil (RPO) to prolong the functionality of carotenes and vitamin E. …”