Autoantibodies in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. by Angus-Leppan, H, Rudge, P, Mead, S, Collinge, J, Vincent, A

“…Treatments such as removing the associated tumor, if present, and immunosuppression can halt or often reverse the progression of autoimmune conditions, but there is no curative treatment for neurodegenerative conditions. …”

Characterisation of a syndrome of autoimmune adult onset focal epilepsy and encephalitis. by Ramanathan, S, Bleasel, A, Parratt, J, Orr, C, Dale, R, Vincent, A, Fung, V

“…Two were treated with immunosuppression and went on to achieve complete seizure control and return to baseline cognition. …”

Characterisation of a syndrome of autoimmune adult onset focal epilepsy and encephalitis by Ramanathan, S, Bleasel, A, Parratt, J, Orr, C, Dale, R, Vincent, A, Fung, V

“…Two were treated with immunosuppression and went on to achieve complete seizure control and return to baseline cognition. …”

Clinical presentation and prognosis in MOG-antibody disease: a UK study by Jurynczyk, M, Messina, S, Woodhall, M, Raza, N, Everett, R, Roca-Fernandez, A, Tackley, G, Hamid, S, Sheard, A, Reynolds, G, Chandratre, S, Hemmingway, C, Jacob, A, Vincent, A, Leite, M, Waters, P, Palace, J

“…The annualized relapse rate was 0.2. Immunosuppression longer than 3 months following the onset attack was associated with a lower risk of a second relapse. …”

Symptomatic, radiological and pathological involvement of the hypothalamus in neuromyelitis optica. by Viegas, S, Weir, A, Esiri, M, Kuker, W, Waters, P, Leite, M, Vincent, A, Palace, J

“…There was a response to conventional immunosuppression, while a further relapse responded to plasma exchange. …”

Autoimmune disorders of the neuromuscular junction. by Lang, B, Vincent, A

“…In Guillain-Barré syndrome, newly described antibodies bind to complex gangliosides. General immunosuppression is still the main treatment, but novel treatments that reduce complement-mediated damage or inhibit the binding of pathogenic antibodies are beginning to look promising.…”

Prevalence, clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with myasthenia gravis positive for antibodies to muscle-specific kinase in Thailand by Witoonpanich, R, Dejthevaporn, C, Pulkes, T, Tunlayadechanont, S, Boonkongchuen, P, Pongpakdee, S, Vincent, A

“…At follow up, three out of the seven patients who underwent thymectomy were in complete stable remission and four had improved and were on reduced immunosuppression medication, suggesting a possible benefit of thymectomy. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. …”

Prevalence, clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with myasthenia gravis positive for antibodies to muscle-specific kinase in Thailand. by Witoonpanich, R, Dejthevaporn, C, Pulkes, T, Tunlayadechanont, S, Boonkongchuen, P, Pongpakdee, S, Vincent, A

“…At follow up, three out of the seven patients who underwent thymectomy were in complete stable remission and four had improved and were on reduced immunosuppression medication, suggesting a possible benefit of thymectomy.…”

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. by Iranzo, A, Graus, F, Clover, L, Morera, J, Bruna, J, Vilar, C, Martínez-Rodriguez, J, Vincent, A, Santamaría, J

“…In three patients, immunosuppression resulted in resolution of RBD in parallel with remission of the limbic syndrome. …”

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease: novel PRNP mutation and VGKC-complex antibodies. by Jones, M, Odunsi, S, du Plessis, D, Vincent, A, Bishop, M, Head, M, Ironside, J, Gow, D

“…He died despite 1 year of aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. The neuropathologic diagnosis was GSS disease, and a novel mutation, P84S, in the PRNP gene was found. …”

Interferon Beta treatment in neuromyelitis optica: increase in relapses and aquaporin 4 antibody titers. by Palace, J, Leite, M, Nairne, A, Vincent, A

“…INTERVENTIONS: A course of interferon beta-1a followed by conventional immunosuppression. Blood samples were collected from the onset of treatment, and clinical and laboratory assessment was performed. …”

Autoimmune mediated neuromuscular junction defects. by Farrugia, M, Vincent, A

“…The myasthenia gravis composite score addresses items commonly affected in myasthenia gravis, is sensitive to detect clinical change and helps guide the physician in therapy prescription. Immunosuppression remains the mainstay of myasthenia gravis treatment. …”

Pilomotor seizures and status in non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. by Wieser, S, Kelemen, A, Barsi, P, Vincent, A, Borbely, C, Rasonyi, G, Mueller, S, Hess, K, Wieser, H, Halasz, P

“…However, long-term immunosuppression may be necessary to prevent relapse. …”

Recurrent optic neuritis associated with MOG antibody seropositivity by Chang, T, Waters, P, Woodhall, M, Vincent, A

“…</p> <h4>Conclusions</h4> <p>Recurrent ON occurs in association with MOG antibodies distinct from neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis, and may require steroid-based immunosuppression to maintain remission. This case report from South Asia adds to map the worldwide occurrence of MOG antibody disease.…”

Methotrexate is an alternative to azathioprine in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 antibodies by Kitley, J, Elsone, L, George, J, Waters, P, Woodhall, M, Vincent, A, Jacob, A, Leite, M, Palace, J

“…Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with considerable relapse-related disability. Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment but many patients do not tolerate first-line immunosuppressive agents, or experience ongoing relapses. …”

Methotrexate is an alternative to azathioprine in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 antibodies. by Kitley, J, Elsone, L, George, J, Waters, P, Woodhall, M, Vincent, A, Jacob, A, Leite, M, Palace, J

“… BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with considerable relapse-related disability. Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment but many patients do not tolerate first-line immunosuppressive agents, or experience ongoing relapses. …”

Glycine receptor antibodies: pathogenic mechanisms and clinical corrlates by Carvajal González, A

“…</p> <p>These results provide the first evidence of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> pathogenicity of the GlyR-Abs, supporting the use of long term immunosuppression in these patients to provide them with a good prognosis.…”

Prognostic factors and disease course in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from the United Kingdom and Japan. by Kitley, J, Leite, M, Nakashima, I, Waters, P, McNeillis, B, Brown, R, Takai, Y, Takahashi, T, Misu, T, Elsone, L, Woodhall, M, George, J, Boggild, M, Vincent, A, Jacob, A, Fujihara, K, Palace, J

“…The UK cohort seemed to have more severe disease than the Japanese cohort, with more severe onset attacks, a higher relapse frequency and greater disability at follow-up, despite earlier immunosuppression. Moreover, within the UK cohort, there were important differences between ethnic groups, with Afro-Caribbean patients having a younger age at disease onset, more brain and multifocal attacks and higher likelihood of visual disability than Caucasian patients. …”

Prognostic factors and disease course in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from the United Kingdom and Japan by Kitley, J, Leite, M, Nakashima, I, Waters, P, McNeillis, B, Brown, R, Takai, Y, Takahashi, T, Misu, T, Elsone, L, Woodhall, M, George, J, Boggild, M, Vincent, A, Jacob, A, Fujihara, K, Palace, J

“…The UK cohort seemed to have more severe disease than the Japanese cohort, with more severe onset attacks, a higher relapse frequency and greater disability at follow-up, despite earlier immunosuppression. Moreover, within the UK cohort, there were important differences between ethnic groups, with Afro-Caribbean patients having a younger age at disease onset, more brain and multifocal attacks and higher likelihood of visual disability than Caucasian patients. …”

Glycine receptor antibodies in PERM and related syndromes: characteristics, clinical features and outcomes. by Carvajal-González, A, Leite, M, Waters, P, Woodhall, M, Coutinho, E, Balint, B, Lang, B, Pettingill, P, Carr, A, Sheerin, U, Press, R, Press, R, Lunn, M, Lim, M, Maddison, P, Meinck, H, Vandenberghe, W, Vincent, A

“…The presence of glycine receptor antibodies should help to identify a disease that responds to immunotherapies, but these treatments may need to be sustained, relapses can occur and maintenance immunosuppression may be required.…”