Malaria during pregnancy in an area of unstable endemicity. by Nosten, F, ter Kuile, F, Maelankirri, L, Decludt, B, White, N

Serology of typhoid fever in an area of endemicity and its relevance to diagnosis. by House, D, Wain, J, Ho, V, Diep, T, Chinh, N, Bay, P, Vinh, H, Duc, M, Parry, C, Dougan, G, White, N, Hien, T, Farrar, J

“…In this study, the serum antibody responses to the LPS and flagellum antigens of serotype Typhi were investigated with individuals from a region of Vietnam in which typhoid is endemic, and their usefulness for the diagnosis of typhoid fever was evaluated. …”

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte dynamics in areas of different malaria endemicity. by Stepniewska, K, Price, R, Sutherland, C, Drakeley, C, von Seidlein, L, Nosten, F, White, N

“… BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify and compare factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in three regions of differing malaria endemicity. METHODS: Retrospective data from Thailand, The Gambia and Tanzania were used. …”

Low effective dispersal of asexual genotypes in heterogeneous landscapes by the endemic pathogen penicillium marneffei by Fisher, M, Hanage, W, De Hoog, S, Johnson, E, Smith, MD, White, N, Vanittanakom, N

“…One mechanism that might tend to drive such endemicity in the face of aerial dispersal is the evolution of niche-adapted genotypes when sexual reproduction is rare. …”

The community as the patient in malaria-endemic areas: Preempting drug resistance with multiple first-line therapies. by Boni, M, White, N, Baird, J

Use of primaquine and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency testing: divergent policies and practices in malaria endemic countries by Recht, J, Ashley, E, White, N

“…X-linked mutations conferring varying degrees of G6PD deficiency are prevalent throughout malaria endemic regions. Phenotypic screening tests usually detect <30% of normal G6PD activity identifying nearly all male hemizygotes and female homozygotes, and some heterozygotes. …”

K13-propeller mutations in Plasmodium falciparum populations in malaria endemic regions of Vietnam from 2009 to 2016 by Thuy-Nhien, N, Tuyen, N, Tong, N, Vy, T, Thanh, N, Van, H, Huong-Thu, P, Quang, H, Boni, M, Dolecek, C, Farrar, J, Thwaites, G, Miotto, O, White, N, Tinh Hien, T

Evaluation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG rapid cassette test kits for diagnosis of melioidosis in an area of endemicity. by Wuthiekanun, V, Amornchai, P, Chierakul, W, Cheng, A, White, N, Peacock, S, Day, N

“…This kit represents an improvement over IHA for the diagnosis of melioidosis an area of endemicity although, as with other serological tests, it has reduced diagnostic utility in a population with high background seropositivity.…”

Preliminary pharmaceutical development of antimalarial-antibiotic cotherapy as a pre-referral paediatric treatment of fever in malaria endemic areas. by Gaubert, A, Kauss, T, Marchivie, M, Ba, B, Lembege, M, Fawaz, F, Boiron, J, Lafarge, X, Lindegardh, N, Fabre, J, White, N, Olliaro, P, Millet, P, Grislain, L, Gaudin, K

“…Artemether (AM) plus azithromycin (AZ) rectal co-formulations were studied to provide pre-referral treatment for children with severe febrile illnesses in malaria-endemic areas. The target profile required that such product should be cheap, easy to administer by non-medically qualified persons, rapidly effective against both malaria and bacterial infections. …”

Antibodies to the Vi capsule of Salmonella Typhi in the serum of typhoid patients and healthy control subjects from a typhoid endemic region. by House, D, Ho, V, Diep, T, Chinh, N, Bay, P, Vinh, H, Duc, M, Parry, C, Dougan, G, White, N, Farrar, J, Hien, T, Wain, J

“…Typhi during naturally acquired typhoid fever in an endemic area. METHODOLOGY: An indirect ELISA, using tyraminated, purified Vi-CPS, was used to assay anti-Vi-CPS antibodies from typhoid fever cases and controls living in the Ho Chi Minh City and Mekong Delta region of Viet Nam. …”

Development of temporal modelling for forecasting and prediction of malaria infections using time-series and ARIMAX analyses: a case study in endemic districts of Bhutan. by Wangdi, K, Singhasivanon, P, Silawan, T, Lawpoolsri, S, White, N, Kaewkungwal, J

“…To strengthen the country's prevention and control measures, this study was carried out to develop forecasting and prediction models of malaria incidence in the endemic districts of Bhutan using time series and ARIMAX. …”

Economic considerations support C-reactive protein testing alongside malaria rapid diagnostic tests to guide antimicrobial therapy for patients with febrile illness in settings with low malaria endemicity by Lubell, Y, Chandna, A, Smithuis, F, White, L, Wertheim, H, Redard-Jacot, M, Katz, Z, Dondorp, A, Day, N, White, N, Dittrich, S

The co-existence of Plasmodium: sidelights from falciparum and vivax malaria in Thailand. by Snounou, G, White, N

“…It is rare to find human populations exposed to a single malaria parasite species - in most endemic areas, at least three Plasmodium species co-exist. …”

Global extent of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. by Price, R, von Seidlein, L, Valecha, N, Nosten, F, Baird, J, White, N

“…BACKGROUND: Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria in most endemic countries, but resistance is increasing. Monitoring of antimalarial efficacy is essential, but in P. vivax infections the assessment of treatment efficacy is confounded by relapse from the dormant liver stages. …”

Identification of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in clinical practice: use of simple screening tests and API 20NE. by Dance, D, Wuthiekanun, V, Naigowit, P, White, N

“…The screening system was 100% accurate in identifying Ps pseudomallei. In non-endemic areas the API 20NE kit may be used to identify sporadic imported strains of Ps pseudomallei. …”

Artemisinin resistance--modelling the potential human and economic costs by Lubell, Y, Dondorp, A, Guérin, P, Drake, T, Meek, S, Ashley, E, Day, N, White, N, White, L

“…BACKGROUND: Artemisinin combination therapy is recommended as first-line treatment for falciparum malaria across the endemic world and is increasingly relied upon for treating vivax malaria where chloroquine is failing. …”

Relapse. by White, N, Imwong, M

“…Plasmodium vivax is a major cause of febrile illness in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and the horn of Africa. …”

Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria. by White, N

“…Plasmodium vivax is a major cause of febrile illness in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and the horn of Africa. …”

Spatio-temporal patterns of malaria infection in Bhutan: a country embarking on malaria elimination. by Wangdi, K, Kaewkungwal, J, Singhasivanon, P, Silawan, T, Lawpoolsri, S, White, N

“…BACKGROUND: At the verge of elimination of malaria in Bhutan, this study was carried out to analyse the trend of malaria in the endemic districts of Bhutan and to identify malaria clusters at the sub-districts. …”

Diagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection by quantitation of urinary antigen by using an enzyme immunoassay. by Desakorn, V, Smith, MD, Walsh, A, Simpson, A, Sahassananda, D, Rajanuwong, A, Wuthiekanun, V, Howe, P, Angus, B, Suntharasamai, P, White, N

“…This test offers a valuable and rapid method for the diagnosis of penicilliosis in patients with AIDS and could be a useful addition to conventional diagnostic methods in areas in which penicilliosis is endemic.…”