Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei. by Sura, T, Smith, MD, Cowan, G, Walsh, A, White, N, Krishna, S

“…We report the development of a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based method that can detect as few as 35 colony-forming units of B. pseudomallei/mL in saline suspensions. …”

Rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus in rural Thailand using polymerase chain reaction. by Sonthayanon, P, Chierakul, W, Wuthiekanun, V, Blacksell, S, Pimda, K, Suputtamongkol, Y, Pukrittayakamee, S, White, N, Day, N, Peacock, S

“…The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the O. tsutsugamushi 16S rRNA gene for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in rural Thailand. …”

Plasmodium vivax: polymerase chain reaction amplification artifacts limit the suitability of pvgam1 as a genetic marker. by Imwong, M, Pukrittakayamee, S, Looareesuwan, S, Poirriez, J, Pasvol, G, White, N, Snounou, G

“…Plasmodium vivax: Polymerase chain reaction amplification artifacts limit the suitability of pvgam1 as a genetic marker. …”

Optimal duration of follow-up for assessing antimalarial efficacy in pregnancy: a retrospective analysis of a cohort followed up until delivery on the Thailand-Myanmar border by Saito, M, Mansoor, R, Wiladphaingern, J, Paw, M, Pimanpanarak, M, Proux, S, Guérin, P, White, N, Nosten, F, McGready, R

“…<br/><br/> <strong>Results</strong> Of 946 paired isolates from 703 women, the median duration of follow-up for each genotyped recurrence (interquartile range) was 129 (83–174) days, with 429 polymerase chain reaction–confirmed recrudescent. Five different treatments were evaluated, and 382 Plasmodium falciparum recrudescences were identified as eligible. …”

The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailand-Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam by Imwong, M, Nguyen, T, Tripura, R, Peto, T, Lee, S, Lwin, K, Suangkanarat, P, Jeeyapant, A, Vihokhern, B, Wongsaen, K, Van Hue, D, Dong, LT, Nguyen, T, Lubell, Y, von Seidlein, L, Dhorda, M, Promnarate, C, Snounou, G, Malleret, B, Rénia, L, Keereecharoen, L, Singhasivanon, P, Sirithiranont, P, Chalk, J, Nguon, C, Hien, T, Day, N, White, N, Dondorp, A, Nosten, F

“…The prevalence of asymptomatic, sub-microscopic malaria was assessed by a sensitive, high blood volume quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method in three countries of the Greater Mekong Sub-region.…”

A clinical, microbiological, and pathological study of intestinal perforation associated with typhoid fever. by Nguyen, Q, Everest, P, Tran, T, House, D, Murch, S, Parry, C, Connerton, P, Phan, V, To, S, Mastroeni, P, White, N, Tran, T, Vo, V, Dougan, G, Farrar, J, Wain, J

“…Typhi DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction for all perforation biopsy samples. …”

No evidence for spread of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance to Savannakhet Province, Southern Laos. by Mayxay, M, Khanthavong, M, Chanthongthip, O, Imwong, M, Lee, S, Stepniewska, K, Soonthornsata, B, Pongvongsa, T, Phompida, S, Hongvanthong, B, Ringwald, P, White, N, Newton, P

“…No patient had patent asexual parasitemia on the second and third days of treatment. The 42-day polymerase chain reaction-corrected cure rates were 100% in both treatment groups. …”

Quinolone-resistant Salmonella typhi in Viet Nam: molecular basis of resistance and clinical response to treatment. by Wain, J, Hoa, N, Chinh, N, Vinh, H, Everett, M, Diep, T, Day, N, Solomon, T, White, N, Piddock, L, Parry, C

“…Analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA in 20 NARST isolates by polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded conformational polymorphism yielded two novel patterns: pattern II corresponding to a point mutation at nucleotide 87 Asp--&gt;Gly (n = 17), and pattern III corresponding to a point mutation at nucleotide 83 Ser--&gt;Phe (n = 3). …”

An open label randomized comparison of mefloquine-artesunate as separate tablets vs. a new co-formulated combination for the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falcipar... by Ashley, E, Lwin, K, Mcgready, R, Simon, W, Phaiphun, L, Proux, S, Wangseang, N, Taylor, W, Stepniewska, K, Nawamaneerat, W, Thwai, K, Barends, M, Leowattana, W, Olliaro, P, Singhasivanon, P, White, N, Nosten, F

“…RESULTS: The day 63 polymerase chain reaction-adjusted cure rates were 91.9% (95% CI 88.2-95.6) in the fixed combination group and 89.2% (85.0-93.4) in the loose tablets group (P=0.3). …”

Treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria with artesunate-atovaquone-proguanil. by van Vugt, M, Leonardi, E, Phaipun, L, Slight, T, Thway, K, Mcgready, R, Brockman, A, Villegas, L, Looareesuwan, S, White, N, Nosten, F

“…Fever duration and parasite clearance times were significantly shorter among patients who received artesunate (P&lt;.001). Polymerase chain reaction genotyping confirmed that recrudescence occurred in 13 patients who received artesunate-mefloquine (2.4%), 5 who received atovaquone-proguanil-artesunate (0.9%), and 15 who received atovaquone-proguanil (2.8%). …”

Plasma Concentration of Parasite DNA as a Measure of Disease Severity in Falciparum Malaria. by Imwong, M, Woodrow, C, Hendriksen, I, Veenemans, J, Verhoef, H, Faiz, M, Mohanty, S, Mishra, S, Mtove, G, Gesase, S, Seni, A, Chhaganlal, K, Day, N, Dondorp, A, White, N

“…P. falciparum DNA concentrations were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 224 African children (111 with uncomplicated malaria and 113 with severe malaria) and 211 Asian adults (100 with uncomplicated malaria and 111 with severe malaria) presenting with acute falciparum malaria. …”

Pharmacokinetic study of artemether-lumefantrine given once daily for the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. by Ashley, E, Stepniewska, K, Lindegårdh, N, Mcgready, R, Annerberg, A, Hutagalung, R, Singtoroj, T, Hla, G, Brockman, A, Proux, S, Wilahphaingern, J, Singhasivanon, P, White, N, Nosten, F

“…Secondary end points were the day 42 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted cure rates and the tolerability profiles. …”

Pharmacokinetic study of artemether-lumefantrine given once daily for the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria by Ashley, E, Stepniewska, K, Lindegardh, N, Mcgready, R, Annerberg, A, Hutagalung, R, Singtoroj, T, Hla, G, Brockman, A, Proux, S, Wilahphaingern, J, Singhasivanon, P, White, N, Nosten, F

“…Secondary end points were the day 42 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted cure rates and the tolerability profiles. …”

A randomized trial of artemether-lumefantrine versus mefloquine-artesunate for the treatment of uncomplicated multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum on the western border of Th... by Hutagalung, R, Paiphun, L, Ashley, E, McGready, R, Brockman, A, Thwai, K, Singhasivanon, P, Jelinek, T, White, N, Nosten, F

“…Parasite genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to distinguish recrudescent from newly acquired P. falciparum infections. …”

Estimation of the in-vivo minimum inhibitory concentration of cipargamin in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria by Tinh Tran, H, White, N, Thanh Nguyen, T, Toa Nhu, H, Duc Phung, T, Tarning, J, Nosten, F, Magnusson, B, Prakash Jain, J, Hamed, K

“…The development of highly sensitive and accurate polymerase chain reaction quantitation of low-density malaria parasitemia enables prospective pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) characterization of antimalarial drug effects, and now allows identification of the in-vivo MIC. …”

Randomized, controlled dose-optimization studies of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. by Ashley, E, Krudsood, S, Phaiphun, L, Srivilairit, S, Mcgready, R, Leowattana, W, Hutagalung, R, Wilairatana, P, Brockman, A, Looareesuwan, S, Nosten, F, White, N

“…In the community study, polymerase chain reaction genotyping-adjusted cure rates on day 63 were 96.1% (95% CI, 92.6%-99.7%) in the DP group, 98.3% (95% CI, 96.1%-100%) in the DP+ group, and 94.9% (95% CI, 91.2%-98.6%) in the MAS3 group (P=.2). …”

Optimising operational use of artesunate-mefloquine: a randomised comparison of four treatment regimens. by Smithuis, F, van der Broek, I, Katterman, N, Kyaw, M, Brockman, A, Lwin, S, White, N

“…During 42 days follow-up polymerase chain reaction genotyping-confirmed recrudescence occurred in 11 of 187 (5.9%) patients who received observed single low-dose mefloquine (15 mg/kg) and artesunate (4 mg/kg), 7 of 192 (3.6%) patients following observed single high-dose mefloquine (25 mg/kg) and artesunate (4 mg/kg), 7 of 180 (3.9%) patients following observed artesunate 4 mg/kg on day 0 plus self-administered mefloquine 15 mg/kg on day 1 and 10 mg/kg on day 2 with artesunate 4 mg/kg/day on day 1 and 2, and none of 177 patients who received this 3 d regimen under direct observation (P = 0.01). …”

Geographic distribution of amino acid mutations in DHFR and DHPS in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Lao PDR, India and Colombia by Saralamba, N, Nakeesathit, S, Mayxay, M, Newton, P, Osorio, L, Kim, J, White, N, Day, N, Dondorp, A, Imwong, M

“…Five codons at positions 13, 57, 58, 61, and 117 of pvdhfr and two codons at positions 383 and 553 of pvdhps were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology. …”

Molecular and pharmacological determinants of the therapeutic response to artemether-lumefantrine in multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. by Price, R, Uhlemann, A, van Vugt, M, Brockman, A, Hutagalung, R, Nair, S, Nash, D, Singhasivanon, P, Anderson, T, Krishna, S, White, N, Nosten, F

“…Plasma lumefantrine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography; malaria parasite pfmdr1 copy number was quantified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR), and in vitro drug susceptibility was tested. …”

A controlled trial of mass drug administration to interrupt transmission of multi drug resistant falciparum malaria in Cambodian villages by Tripura, R, Peto, T, Chea, N, Davoeung, C, Mukaka, M, Sirithiranont, P, Dhorda, M, Promnarate, C, Imwong, M, von Seidlein, L, Duanguppama, J, Patumrat, K, Rekol, H, Grobusch, M, Day, N, White, N, Dondorp, A

“…Subclinical parasite prevalence was estimated by ultra-sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (uPCR) quarterly over 12 months.</p> <h4>Results</h4> <p>MDA coverage with at least one complete round was 88% (1999/2268), ≥2-rounds 73% (1645/2268), and all 3-rounds 58% (1310/2268). …”