Cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine. by Nosten, F, ter Kuile, F, Luxemburger, C, Woodrow, C, Kyle, D, Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T, White, N

“…More than 60% of the effect occurred with three doses of halofantrine (24 mg/kg). The arrhythmogenic potential of halofantrine should now be investigated.…”

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity of parenteral halofantrine in uncomplicated malaria. by Krishna, S, ter Kuile, F, Supanaranond, W, Pukrittayakamee, S, Teja-Isavadharm, P, Kyle, D, White, N

“…1 The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity of a new parenteral formulation of halofantrine hydrochloride were evaluated in 12 adults with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and nine adults who attended in convalescence. 2 Intravenous halofantrine (1 mg kg(-1) infused in 1 h) was given every 8 h for a total of three doses in the acute study. …”

Comparison of capillary whole blood, venous whole blood, and plasma concentrations of mefloquine, halofantrine, and desbutyl-halofantrine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. by Ter Kuile, F, Teja-Isavatharm, P, Edstein, MD, Keeratithakul, D, Dolan, G, Nosten, F, Phaipun, L, Webster, H, White, N

“…Whole blood mefloquine, halofantrine, and desbutyl-halofantrine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in capillary blood, venous blood, and venous plasma samples from patients along the Thai/Burmese border with falciparum malaria who were treated with either mefloquine (25 mg/kg) or halofantrine (24 mg/kg or 72 mg/kg). …”

Halofantrine versus mefloquine in treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. by ter Kuile, F, Dolan, G, Nosten, F, Edstein, MD, Luxemburger, C, Phaipun, L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T, Webster, H, White, N

“…We have investigated the relative efficacy of halofantrine and mefloquine in two paired randomised trials on the Thai-Burmese border, a multidrug-resistant area. …”

Population pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria by Klein, K, Aarons, L, Ter Kuile, F, Nosten, F, White, N, Edstein, MD, Teja-Isavadharm, P

“…Aims To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial halofantrine (HF) in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria. …”

Population pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria. by Klein, K, Aarons, L, Ter Kuile, F, Nosten, F, White, N, Edstein, MD, Teja-Isavadharm, P

“…AIMS: To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial halofantrine (HF) in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria. …”

Cardiotoxicity of antimalarial drugs. by White, N

“…Both drugs cause potentially dangerous QT prolongation, and halofantrine has been associated with sudden death. The parenteral quinoline formulations (chloroquine, quinine, and quinidine) are predictably hypotensive when injected rapidly, and cardiovascular collapse can occur with self-poisoning. …”

Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug susceptibility on the north-western border of Thailand during five years of extensive use of artesunate-mefloquine. by Brockman, A, Price, R, van Vugt, M, Heppner, D, Walsh, D, Sookto, P, Wimonwattrawatee, T, Looareesuwan, S, White, N, Nosten, F

“…The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values from primary infections were: dihydroartemisinin 1.2 ng/mL, artesunate 1.6 ng/mL, artemether 4.8 ng/mL, atovaquone 0.4 ng/mL, lumefantrine 32 ng/mL, chloroquine 149 ng/mL, quinine 354 ng/mL, mefloquine 27 ng/mL and halofantrine 4.1 ng/mL. A significant positive correlation was found between the susceptibility in vitro to artesunate and quinine (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), mefloquine (r = 0.46, P < 0.001), and halofantrine (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). …”

ADVANCES IN CHEMOTHERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF MALARIA by White, N, Nosten, F

“…For treatment of resistant infections, halofantrine is a well-tolerated alternative. The dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (usually combined with a sulfonamide or sulfone) are effective in some areas, and recent studies of the molecular mechanisms of resistance have shown that resistance to one compound does not necessarily confer resistance to another. …”

Mode of action and features of antimalarial drugs by Nosten, F, White, N

“…The main drugs and their combinations are reviewed (quinine, chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, biguanides, mefloquine, halofantrine, artemisinine-based drugs), taking into account these pharmacological concepts.…”

Clinical malaria in the tropics. by White, N, Pukrittayakamee, S

“…Fortunately, quinine, and the newly introduced compounds, halofantrine and mefloquine, can be relied upon nearly everywhere. …”

Therapeutic responses to different antimalarial drugs in vivax malaria. by Pukrittayakamee, S, Chantra, A, Simpson, J, Vanijanonta, S, Clemens, R, Looareesuwan, S, White, N

“…The activities of these drugs in descending order were artesunate, artemether, chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, halofantrine, primaquine, and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PS). …”

The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrug-resistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand. by Price, R, Cassar, C, Brockman, A, Duraisingh, M, van Vugt, M, White, N, Nosten, F, Krishna, S

“…This study assessed genetic polymorphisms in the pfmdr1 gene in 54 parasites collected from the western border of Thailand to determine the relationship of pfmdr1 copy number and codon mutations with parasite sensitivities to mefloquine, chloroquine, halofantrine, quinine, and artesunate assessed in vitro. …”

The treatment of malaria. by White, N

“…A combination of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is responsive to falciparum infections with high grade resistance to chloroquine. Mefloquine, halofantrine, or quinine with tetracycline can be used to treat multidrug-resistant P. falciparum. …”

Therapeutic responses to antimalarial and antibacterial drugs in vivax malaria. by Pukrittayakamee, S, Imwong, M, Looareesuwan, S, White, N

“…The activities of these drugs in descending order of parasite clearance times were artesunate, artemether, chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, halofantrine, primaquine, followed by the antibacterial drugs and lastly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. …”

Hypoglycaemia and antimalarial drugs: quinidine and release of insulin. by Phillips, R, Looareesuwan, S, White, N, Chanthavanich, P, Karbwang, J, Supanaranond, W, Turner, R, Warrell, D

“…The other antimalarials tested, chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, and halofantrine, did not stimulate the release of insulin, an important advantage that should be taken into account when treatment is chosen for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.…”

Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. by Price, R, Nosten, F, Luxemburger, C, ter Kuile, F, Paiphun, L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T, White, N

“…We compared the following antimalarial drugs in relation to subsequent Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage: mefloquine, halofantrine, quinine, and the artemisinin derivatives. …”

The arrhythmogenic cardiotoxicity of the quinoline and structurally related antimalarial drugs: a systematic review by Haeusler, I, Chan, X, Guérin, P, White, N

“…</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> The primary objective of this systematic review was to describe the documented clinical and electrocardiographic cardiovascular side effects of quinine, mefloquine, lumefantrine, piperaquine, halofantrine, chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, and primaquine. …”

Antimalarial drug toxicity: a review. by Taylor, W, White, N

“…Cardiovascular or CNS toxicity is rare, but hypoglycaemia may be problematic and blood glucose levels should be monitored. Halofantrine is unsuitable for widespread use because of its potential for cardiotoxicity. …”