Acute management of dengue shock syndrome: a randomized double-blind comparison of 4 intravenous fluid regimens in the first hour. by Ngo, N, Cao, X, Kneen, R, Wills, B, Nguyen, V, Nguyen, T, Chu, V, Nguyen, T, Simpson, J, Solomon, T, White, N, Farrar, J

Comparative effects of quinine and quinidine on glucose metabolism in healthy volunteers. by Davis, T, Karbwang, J, Looareesuwan, S, Turner, R, White, N

“…Plasma quinine concentrations at the end of the infusion (6.5 +/- 4.4 mg l-1) correlated with insulin increments during the second hour (r = 0.662, P = 0.028) and were significantly greater than those of quinidine (3.0 +/- 0.8 mg l-1; P less than 0.05).…”

Prognostic value of electrocardiographic monitoring of patients with severe diphtheria. by Bethell, D, Nguyen Minh Dung, Ha Thi Loan, Le Thi Nguyet Minh, Nguyen Quoc Dung, Day, N, White, N

“…The clinical, the 12-lead, and the 24-hour electrocardiographic findings in 15 consecutively studied Vietnamese children (aged 7 months to 16 years) with severe diphtheria were documented. …”

Clinical features and predictors of diphtheritic cardiomyopathy in Vietnamese children. by Kneen, R, Nguyen, MD, Solomon, T, Pham, N, Parry, C, Nguyen, T, Ha, T, Taylor, A, Vo, T, Nguyen, T, Day, N, White, N

“…METHODS: During 1 year, 154 Vietnamese children with diphtheria admitted to a referral hospital were studied prospectively with clinical examination, including a simple pseudomembrane score, 12-lead and 24-hour electrocardiography, measurement of serum cardiac enzyme levels, and estimation of troponin T levels. …”

Randomized controlled trial of levamisole hydrochloride as adjunctive therapy in severe falciparum malaria with high parasitemia. by Maude, R, Silamut, K, Plewes, K, Charunwatthana, P, Ho, M, Abul Faiz, M, Rahman, R, Hossain, M, Hassan, M, Bin Yunus, E, Hoque, G, Islam, F, Ghose, A, Hanson, J, Schlatter, J, Lacey, R, Eastaugh, A, Tarning, J, Lee, S, White, N, Chotivanich, K, Day, N, Dondorp, A

“…The median time to normalization of plasma lactate (<2 mmol/L) was 24 (IQR, 12-30) hours with levamisole vs 28 (IQR, 12-36) hours without levamisole (P = .15). …”

Mefloquine treatment of acute falciparum malaria: a prospective study of non-serious adverse effects in 3673 patients. by ter Kuile, F, Nosten, F, Luxemburger, C, Kyle, D, Teja-Isavatharm, P, Phaipun, L, Price, R, Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T, White, N

“…Early vomiting (within 1 hour) is an important determinant of treatment outcome in these areas, despite re-administration of the dose. …”

Glucose metabolism in quinine-treated patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. by Davis, T, Pukrittayakamee, S, Supanaranond, W, Looareesuwan, S, Krishna, S, Nagachinta, B, Turner, R, White, N

“…To investigate host and drug effects on glucose metabolism in acute falciparum malaria, 10 previously untreated, fasting Thai males with uncomplicated infections were given a 2-h intravenous glucose infusion (5 mg/kg ideal body weight min) with an infusion of quinine dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg body weight) during the second hour. Eight patients were restudied in convalescence. …”

Lack of a significant adverse cardiovascular effect of combined quinine and mefloquine therapy for uncomplicated malaria. by Supanaranond, W, Suputtamongkol, Y, Davis, T, Pukrittayakamee, S, Teja-Isavadharm, P, Webster, H, White, N

“…Quinine dihydrochloride (10 mg salt/kg infused over one hour) and mefloquine (15 mg base/kg) were given simultaneously to 13 adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. …”

Genomic characterization of recrudescent plasmodium malariae after treatment with artemether/lumefantrine by Rutledge, G, Marr, I, Huang, G, Auburn, S, Marfurt, J, Sanders, M, White, N, Berriman, M, Newbold, C, Anstey, N, Otto, T, Price, R

“…Plasmodium malariae is the only human malaria parasite species with a 72-hour intraerythrocytic cycle and the ability to persist in the host for life. …”

Short report: no evidence of cardiotoxicity of atovaquone-proguanil alone or in combination with artesunate. by Gupta, R, Van Vugt, M, Paiphun, L, Slight, T, Looareesuwan, S, White, N, Nosten, F

“…Electrocardiographic recordings were made at baseline and one hour after each dose. There was no statistically significant change in QTc interval between baseline and any subsequent readings in either treatment group or the cohort as a whole. …”

Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and pharmacodynamics of artemether-lumefantrine. by White, N, van Vugt, M, Ezzet, F

“…The artemether component is absorbed rapidly and biotransformed to dihydroartemisinin, and both are eliminated with terminal half-lives of around 1 hour. These are very active antimalarials which give a rapid reduction in parasite biomass and consequent rapid resolution of symptoms. …”

Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of artemether-lumefantrine by White, N, van Vugt, M, Ezzet, F

“…The artemether component is absorbed rapidly and biotransformed to dihydroartemisinin, and both are eliminated with terminal half-lives of around 1 hour. These are very active antimalarials which give a rapid reduction in parasite biomass and consequent rapid resolution of symptoms. …”

Pharmacokinetics of dihydroartemisinin following oral artesunate treatment of pregnant women with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. by Mcgready, R, Stepniewska, K, Ward, SA, Cho, T, Gilveray, G, Looareesuwan, S, White, N, Nosten, F

“…For DHA the median [90% range] estimate of oral clearance (CI/F) was 4.0 [0.8-20.7] l hour(-1) kg(-1), total apparent volume of distribution (Vd/f) was 3.4 [0.9-60.7] l/kg, and terminal elimination half-life was 1.0 [0.6-2.4] h. …”

Quinine pharmacokinetics in cerebral malaria: predicted plasma concentrations after rapid intravenous loading using a two-compartment model. by Davis, T, White, N, Looareesuwan, S, Silamut, K, Warrell, D

“…To investigate the toxic potential of rapid intravenous quinine administration in severe malaria, the pharmacokinetic properties of low-dose quinine dihydrochloride injection (4 mg/kg body weight, equivalent to 3.3 mg base/kg) followed one hour later by infusion of 16 mg/kg over 3 h were studied in 7 patients with cerebral malaria. …”

Chloroquine treatment of severe malaria in children. Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and new dosage recommendations. by White, N, Miller, K, Churchill, F, Berry, C, Brown, J, Williams, S, Greenwood, B

“…Intermittent intravenous infusion (5 mg of base per kilogram over 4 hours, repeated every 12 hours) also produced wide fluctuations in chloroquine levels, suggesting incomplete distribution from a small central compartment. …”

Glucose turnover in severe falciparum malaria. by Davis, T, Looareesuwan, S, Pukrittayakamee, S, Levy, J, Nagachinta, B, White, N

“…Glucose turnover decreased during the 4-hour quinine infusion from 3.04 (2.12 to 4.23) to 1.89 (1.20 to 2.54) mg/kg.min-1 (P < .004), as did the metabolic clearance rate for glucose (2.87 [1.88 to 7.83] to 2.50 [1.43 to 4.55) mL/kg.min-1; P = .008). …”

Optimal designs for population pharmacokinetic studies of oral artesunate in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. by Jamsen, K, Duffull, S, Tarning, J, Lindegardh, N, White, N, Simpson, J

“…RESULTS: The derived optimal sampling windows were 17 to 29 minutes, 30 to 57 minutes, 2.5 to 3.7 hours and 5.8 to 6.6 hours for non-pregnant adults; 16 to 29 minutes, 31 minutes to 1 hour, 2.0 to 3.4 hours and 5.5 to 6.6 hours for designs with non-pregnant adults and children and 35 to 59 minutes, 1.2 to 3.4 hours, 3.4 to 4.9 hours and 6.0 to 8.0 hours for pregnant women. …”

Spiroindolone KAE609 for falciparum and vivax malaria. by White, N, Pukrittayakamee, S, Phyo, A, Rueangweerayut, R, Nosten, F, Jittamala, P, Jeeyapant, A, Jain, J, Lefèvre, G, Li, R, Magnusson, B, Diagana, T, Leong, F

“…RESULTS: The median parasite clearance time was 12 hours in each cohort (interquartile range, 8 to 16 hours in patients with P. vivax malaria and 10 to 16 hours in those with P. falciparum malaria). …”

Optimal sampling designs for estimation of Plasmodium falciparum clearance rates in patients treated with artemisinin derivatives by Flegg, J, Guérin, P, Nosten, F, Ashley, E, Phyo, A, Dondorp, A, Fairhurst, R, Socheat, D, Borrmann, S, Björkman, A, Mårtensson, A, Mayxay, M, Newton, P, Bethell, D, Se, Y, Noedl, H, Diakite, M, Djimde, A, Hien, T, White, N, Stepniewska, K

“…In the simulation study, 24-hourly sampling performed the worst, and six-hourly sampling the best. …”

A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. by Tran, T, Day, N, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, T, Tran, T, Pham, P, Dinh, X, Ly, VC, Ha, V, Waller, D, Peto, T, White, N

“…The parasites were cleared more quickly from the blood in the artemether group (mean, 72 vs. 90 hours; P < 0.001); however, in this group fever resolved more slowly (127 vs. 90 hours, P < 0.001), the time to recovery from coma was longer (66 vs. 48 hours, P = 0.003), and the hospitalization was longer (288 vs. 240 hours, P = 0.005). …”