Transfusion volume for children with severe anemia in Africa by Maitland, K, Olupot-Olupot, P, Kiguli, S, Chagaluka, G, Alaroker, F, Opoka, R, Mpoya, A, Engoru, C, Nteziyaremye, J, Mallewa, M, Kennedy, N, Nakuya, M, Namayanja, C, Kayaga, J, Uyoga, S, Kyeyune Byabazaire, D, M’baya, B, Wabwire, B, Frost, G, Bates, I, Evans, J, Williams, T, Saramago Goncalves, P, George, E, Gibb, D, Walker, A

“…<br/><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3196 eligible children (median age, 37 months; 2050 [64.1%] with malaria) were assigned to receive a transfusion of 30 ml per kilogram (1598 children) or 20 ml per kilogram (1598 children) and were followed for 180 days. …”

High incidence of malaria in alpha-thalassaemic children. by Williams, T, Maitland, K, Bennett, S, Ganczakowski, M, Peto, T, Newbold, C, Bowden, D, Weatherall, D, Clegg, J

“…Furthermore, this effect is most marked in the youngest children and for the non-lethal parasite Plasmodium vivax. …”

Plasmodium vivax: a cause of malnutrition in young children. by Williams, T, Maitland, K, Phelps, L, Bennett, S, Peto, T, Viji, J, Timothy, R, Clegg, J, Weatherall, D, Bowden, D

“…We studied the aetiology of malnutrition in a cohort of 1511 children &lt; 10 years old in Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. …”

Plasmodium vivax: a cause of malnutrition in young children. by Williams, T, Maitland, K, Phelps, L, Bennett, S, Peto, T, Viji, J, Timothy, R, Clegg, J, Weatherall, D, Bowden, D

“…We studied the aetiology of malnutrition in a cohort of 1511 children &lt; 10 years old in Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. …”

Malaria and nutritional status in children living on the coast of Kenya. by Nyakeriga, A, Troye-Blomberg, M, Chemtai, A, Marsh, K, Williams, T

“…OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the association between Plasmodium falciparum malaria and malnutrition in a cohort of Kenyan children. DESIGN: The study involved the longitudinal follow-up of children aged 0-95 [corrected] mo for clinical malaria episodes and anthropometric measurements through 4 cross-sectional surveys. …”

Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children by Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, A, Mitchell, R, Ndungu, F, Snow, R, Hill, A, Rockett, K, Kwiatkowski, D, Bejon, P, Williams, T, Atkinson, S, Et al.

“…Malaria and iron deficiency (ID) are common and interrelated public health problems in African children. Observational data suggest that interrupting malaria transmission reduces the prevalence of ID1. …”

Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya. by Berkley, J, Lowe, B, Mwangi, I, Williams, T, Bauni, E, Mwarumba, S, Ngetsa, C, Slack, M, Njenga, S, Hart, C, Maitland, K, English, M, Marsh, K, Scott, J

“…The minimal annual incidence of community-acquired bacteremia was estimated at 1457 cases per 100,000 children among infants under a year old, 1080 among children under 2 years, and 505 among children under 5 years. …”

An observational study of children with sickle cell disease in Kilifi, Kenya. by Sadarangani, M, Makani, J, Komba, A, Ajala-Agbo, T, Newton, C, Marsh, K, Williams, T

“…Nevertheless, relatively few studies describe the clinical characteristics of children with SCD in this region. We conducted a prospective observational study of children with SCD attending a specialist out-patient clinic in Kilifi, Kenya. …”

Preventable deaths in sickle-cell anaemia in African children Reply by Williams, T, Uyoga, S, Macharia, A, Sharif, S, Scott, J

The genetic risk of acute seizures in African children with falciparum malaria. by Kariuki, S, Rockett, K, Clark, T, Reyburn, H, Agbenyega, T, Taylor, T, Birbeck, G, Williams, T, Newton, C

“…PURPOSE: It is unclear why some children with falciparum malaria develop acute seizures and what determines the phenotype of seizures. …”

Management of severe malaria in children: proposed guidelines for the United Kingdom by Maitland, K, Nadel, S, Pollard, A, Williams, T, Newton, C, Levin, M

“…In uncomplicated disease, the clinical features of malaria are similar in children and adults, but in severe disease, the clinical spectrum, complications, and management differ and merit the development of separate guidelines for children. …”

Determinants of anemia among preschool children in rural, western Kenya. by Foote, E, Sullivan, K, Ruth, L, Oremo, J, Sadumah, I, Williams, T, Suchdev, P

“…Although anemia in preschool children is most often attributed to iron deficiency, other nutritional, infectious, and genetic contributors are rarely concurrently measured. …”

Evidence for over-dispersion in the distribution of clinical malaria episodes in children. by Mwangi, T, Fegan, G, Williams, T, Kinyanjui, S, Snow, R, Marsh, K

“… BACKGROUND: It may be assumed that patterns of clinical malaria in children of similar age under the same level of exposure would follow a Poisson distribution with no over-dispersion. …”

Evidence for over-dispersion in the distribution of clinical malaria episodes in children by Mwangi, T, Fegan, G, Williams, T, Kinyanjui, S, Snow, R, Marsh, K

“…Background: It may be assumed that patterns of clinical malaria in children of similar age under the same level of exposure would follow a Poisson distribution with no over-dispersion. …”

Management of severe malaria in children: proposed guidelines for the United Kingdom. by Maitland, K, Nadel, S, Pollard, A, Williams, T, Newton, C, Levin, M

“…Malaria is the most important imported mosquito borne infection in the United Kingdom As preventive measures are never 100% effective, malaria should be suspected in any patient with "flu-like symptoms" who has travelled to malarious areas within a year Most cases of severe malaria result from a failure to expedite prompt "same day" diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment in patients with suspected malaria Oral quinine and chloroquine or pyrimethamine with sulfadoxine should never be prescribed to treat falciparum malaria in children In children, the development of one or more features of severe or complicated malaria constitutes a medical emergency The emergency assessment of a child with severe malaria should follow the structured approach advocated by the Advanced Paediatric Life Support guidelines If in doubt: admit, monitor closely, and seek specialist advice.…”

Iron deficiency and malaria among children living on the coast of Kenya. by Nyakeriga, A, Troye-Blomberg, M, Dorfman, JR, Alexander, N, Bäck, R, Kortok, M, Chemtai, A, Marsh, K, Williams, T

“…We conclude that iron deficiency was associated with protection from mild clinical malaria in our cohort of children in coastal Kenya and discuss possible mechanisms for this protection.…”

Absence of malaria-specific mortality in children in an area of hyperendemic malaria. by Maitland, K, Williams, T, Peto, T, Day, K, Clegg, J, Weatherall, D, Bowden, D

“…We conducted a prospective community-based malaria surveillance study on a cohort of children &lt; 10 years old living in an area of hyperendemic malaria (spleen rates &gt; 50% in children aged 2-9 years) in Vanuatu, Melanesia, supported by a concurrent prospective descriptive study of malaria admissions to the local hospital. …”

Invasive group a Streptococcus infection among children, rural Kenya by Seale, A, Davies, M, Anampiu, K, Morpeth, S, Nyongesa, S, Mwarumba, S, Smeesters, P, Efstratiou, A, Karugutu, R, Mturi, N, Williams, T, Scott, J, Kariuki, S, Dougan, G, Berkley, J

“…Incidence of invasive GAS infection was 0.6 cases/1,000 live births among neonates, 101/100,000 person-years among children &lt;1 year of age, and 35/100,000 among children &lt;5 years of age. …”

Nutritional status of young children with inherited blood disorders in western Kenya by Tsang, B, Ruth, L, Sullivan, K, Williams, T, Suchdev, P

Nutritional status of young children with inherited blood disorders in western Kenya by Tsang, B, Ruth, L, Sullivan, K, Williams, T, Suchdev, P