Sparse coding in striate and extrastriate visual cortex. by Willmore, B, Mazer, J, Gallant, J

“…We measure lifetime sparseness during presentation of natural images in three areas of macaque visual cortex, V1, V2, and V4. We find that lifetime sparseness does not increase across the visual hierarchy. …”

Sparseness and kurtosis of computational models of simple-cell coding in primary visual cortex by Willmore, B, Tolhurst, D

The receptive-field organization of simple cells in primary visual cortex of ferrets under natural scene stimulation. by Smyth, D, Willmore, B, Baker, G, Thompson, I, Tolhurst, D

“…The responses of simple cells in primary visual cortex to sinusoidal gratings can primarily be predicted from their spatial receptive fields, as mapped using spots or bars. …”

Contrast normalization contributes to a biologically-plausible model of receptive-field development in primary visual cortex (V1). by Willmore, B, Bulstrode, H, Tolhurst, D

“…Neuronal populations in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mammals exhibit contrast normalization. …”

Neural representation of natural images in visual area V2. by Willmore, B, Prenger, R, Gallant, J

“…Area V2 is a major visual processing stage in mammalian visual cortex, but little is currently known about how V2 encodes information during natural vision. …”

Sensory cortex is optimised for prediction of future input by Singer, Y, Teramoto, Y, Willmore, B, King, A, Schnupp, J, Harper, N

“…The networks developed receptive fields that closely matched those of real cortical neurons in different mammalian species, including the oriented spatial tuning of primary visual cortex, the frequency selectivity of primary auditory cortex and, most notably, their temporal tuning properties. …”

Independent components of color natural scenes resemble V1 neurons in their spatial and color tuning. by Caywood, MS, Willmore, B, Tolhurst, D

“…If correct, this theory could unify our understanding of sensory coding; here, we test its predictions for color coding in the primate primary visual cortex (V1). We apply independent component analysis (ICA) to simulated cone responses to natural scenes, obtaining a set of colored independent component (IC) filters that form a redundancy-reducing visual code. …”

Methods for first-order kernel estimation: simple-cell receptive fields from responses to natural scenes. by Willmore, B, Smyth, D

“…Recent studies have recovered receptive-field maps of simple cells in visual cortex from their responses to natural scene stimuli. …”

The berkeley wavelet transform: a biologically inspired orthogonal wavelet transform. by Willmore, B, Prenger, R, Wu, M, Gallant, J

“…The BWT shares many characteristics with the receptive fields of neurons in mammalian primary visual cortex (V1). Like these receptive fields, BWT wavelets are localized in space, tuned in spatial frequency and orientation, and form a set that is approximately scale invariant. …”

Neural circuitry underlying contrast gain control in auditory cortex by Cooke, J

“…This computation can produce contrast invariant representations in cortex that are also more resilient to static background noise. In visual cortex shunting inhibition by parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons and contrast-dependent membrane potential variance have been shown to contribute to contrast gain control (CGC), but whether these mechanisms underlie CGC in auditory cortex (AC) is currently unknown. …”