Patterns and trends of alcohol consumption in rural and urban areas of China: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank by Im, PK, Millwood, I, Guo, Y, Du, H, Chen, Y, Yang, L, Chen, Z

Association between diabetes and cause-specific mortality in rural and urban China by Bragg, F, Holmes, M, Iona, A, Guo, Y, Du, H, Chen, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Herrington, W, Bennett, D, Turnbull, I, Liu, Y, Feng, S, Chen, J, Clarke, R, Collins, R, Peto, R, Li, L, Chen, Z

“…Although diabetes was more common in urban areas, it was associated with greater excess mortality in rural areas.…”

Cancer incidence and mortality: A cohort study in China, 2008-2013 by Pan, R, Zhu, M, Yu, C, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Hu, Z, Chen, Z, Li, L, Shen, H, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…Based on CKB, we found the MIR of all cancers was 0.54 in rural areas, which was approximately one-third higher than that in urban areas with 0.39. Cancer profiles in urban areas were transiting to Western distributions, which were characterized with high incidences of breast cancer and colorectal cancer; while cancers of the esophagus, liver and cervix uteri were still common in rural areas of China. …”

Red meat, poultry and fish consumption and risk of diabetes: a 9 year prospective cohort study of the China Kadoorie Biobank by Du, H, Guo, Y, Bennett, DA, Bragg, F, Bian, Z, Chadni, M, Yu, C, Chen, Y, Tan, Y, Millwood, IY, Gan, W, Yang, L, Yao, P, Luo, G, Li, J, Qin, Y, Lv, J, Lin, X, Key, T, Chen, J, Clarke, R, Li, L, Chen, Z, China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group

“…For both, the associations were more pronounced among men and women from urban areas, with an HR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.15, 1.74) and 1.18 (1.03, 1.36), respectively, per 50 g/day red meat intake and 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) and 1.11 (1.01, 1.23), respectively, per 50 g/day fish intake. …”

Cooking fuels and risk of all-cause and cardiopulmonary mortality in urban China: A prospective cohort study by Yu, K, Lv, J, Qiu, G, Yang, L, Yu, C, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Chen, Y, Wang, C, Hu, FB, Pan, A, Chen, Z, Liang, L, Li, L, Wu, T

“…</p><br /> <p><strong>Findings:</strong><br /> Between June 24, 2004, and July 15, 2008, 226 186 participants living in five urban areas of China were enrolled in the CKB Study. …”

Tobacco smoking and risks of more than 470 diseases in China: a prospective cohort study by Chan, KA, Wright, N, Xiao, D, Guo, Y, Chen, Y, Du, H, Yang, L, Millwood, IY, Pei, P, Wang, J, Turnbull, I, Gilbert, S, Avery, D, Kartsonaki, C, Yu, C, Chen, J, Lv, J, Clarke, R, Collins, R, Peto, R, Li, L, Wang, C, Chen, Z

“…For overall mortality, the HRs were greater in men from urban areas than in men from rural areas (1·50 [1·42–1·58] vs 1·25 [1·20–1·30]). …”

Seasonal variation in blood pressure and its relationship with outdoor temperature in 10 diverse regions of China: the China Kadoorie Biobank. by Lewington, S, Li, L, Sherliker, P, Guo, Y, Millwood, I, Bian, Z, Whitlock, G, Yang, L, Collins, R, Chen, J, Wu, X, Wang, S, Hu, Y, Jiang, L, Yang, L, Lacey, B, Peto, R, Chen, Z

“…RESULTS: The mean difference in SBP between summer (June-August) and winter (December-February) was 10 mmHg overall, and was more extreme, on average, in rural than in urban areas (12 vs. 8 mmHg; P for interaction &lt;0.0001). …”

Burden of hypertension in China: a nationally representative survey of 174,621 adults by Yang, L, Li, Y, Wang, L, Zhang, M, Zhou, M, Huang, Z, Deng, Q, Chen, Z, Wang, L

“…Despite similar prevalence, the awareness, treatment and control were much better in urban areas than in rural areas. Among hypertensive individuals, older age, higher levels of education or household income tended to be associated with better awareness, treatment and control rates. …”

Time trends in cancer mortality in China: 1987-1999 by Yang, L, Parkin, D, Li, L, Chen, Y

“…Between 1987 and 1999, the age-standardized mortality rates for all cancers combined declined slightly in rural areas but have increased since 1996 in urban areas. The mortality rates for cancers in oesophagus, stomach, cervix uteri, leukaemia (except for urban males after 1996) and nasopharynx declined, while lung cancer and female breast cancer showed significant increasing trends in both urban and rural areas and for both sexes. …”

The distribution and correlates of self-rated health in elderly Chinese: the China Kadoorie Biobank study by Song, X, Wu, J, Yu, C, Dong, W, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Chen, Z, Pan, A, Li, L, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Survey of 57,693 men and 67,089 women aged 60 years and above was conducted in five rural (Gansu, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Zhejiang) and five urban areas (Heilongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Hainan) in China between 2004 and 2008. …”

Regional variations in the prevalence and misdiagnosis of air flow obstruction in China: baseline results from a prospective cohort of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) by Kurmi, O, Li, L, Smith, M, Augustyn, M, Chen, J, Collins, R, Guo, Y, Han, Y, Qin, J, Xu, G, Wang, J, Bian, Z, Zhou, G, Davis, K, Peto, R, Chen, Z, Li, L, Chen, Z, Chen, J, Collins, R, Peto, R, Chen, Z, Lancaster, G, Yang, X, Williams, A, Smith, M, Yang, L, Chang, Y, Millwood, I, Chen, Y, Lewington, S, Sansome, S, Walters, R, Kurmi, O, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Hou, C, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Cai, X, Zhou, H, Chen, X, Pang, Z, Li, S, Wang, S, Lv, S, Zhao, Z, Liu, S, Pang, Z, Yang, L, He, H, Yu, B, Wang, S, Wang, H, Chen, C, Zheng, X, Hu, X, Zhou, M, Wu, M, Tao, R, Wang, Y, Hu, Y, Ma, L, Zhou, R, Tang, Z, Chen, N, Huang, Y, Li, M, Gan, Z, Meng, J, Qin, J, Wu, X, Zhang, N, Luo, G, Que, X, Chen, X, Ge, P, Ren, X, Dong, C, Zhang, H, Mao, E, Li, Z, Zhou, G, Feng, S, Gao, Y, He, T, Jiang, L, Sun, H, Yu, M, Su, D, Lu, F, Qian, Y, Shi, K, Han, Y, Chen, L, Li, G, Liu, H, Yin, L, Xiong, Y, Tan, Z, Jia, W

“…Compared with self-reported diagnosis of CB/E, 88.8% of AFO was underdiagnosed; underdiagnosis proportion was highest in 30-39-year olds (96.7%) compared with the 70+ age group (81.1%), in women (90.7%), in urban areas (89.4%), in people earning 5K-10 K ¥ monthly (90.3%) and in those with middle or high school education (92.6%). …”

Physical activity, sedentary leisure-time and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 512 000 Chinese adults by Bennett, D, Du, H, Bragg, F, Guo, Y, Wright, N, Yang, L, Bian, Z, Chen, Y, Yu, C, Wang, S, Meng, F, Lv, J, Chen, J, Li, L, Clarke, R, Chen, Z, on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Study Collaborative Group

“…The mean (SD) age at baseline was 51 (10.6) years, 59% were women and 43% resided in urban areas. Overall, the mean BMI was 23.5 (3.3) kg/m2, which differed by ~0.5 kg/m2 among individuals in the highest compared with the lowest PA and SLT groups. …”

Prevalence of smoking and knowledge about the smoking hazards among 170,000 Chinese adults: a nationally representative survey in 2013-2014. by Zhang, M, Liu, S, Yang, L, Jiang, Y, Huang, Z, Zhao, Z, Deng, Q, Li, Y, Zhou, M, Wang, L, Chen, Z, Wang, L

“…The prevalence of ever smoking in men was higher in rural than urban areas (63.2% vs 57.6%) and varied from 39.5% to 67.4% across 31 provinces. …”

Mortality and recurrent vascular events after first incident stroke: a 9-year community-based study of 0·5 million Chinese adults by Chen, Y-P, Kartsonaki, C, Turnbull, I, Wright, N, Guo, Y, Zhang, Y, Pan, D, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Pei, P, Qin, H, Wang, Y, Liu, M, Lv, J, Collins, R, Wang, Y, Peto, R, Hao, Z, Yu, C, Li, l, Clarke, R, Chen, Z

“…The mean age was 59&middot;3 years (SD 9&middot;8) for participants who had a stroke (54% women) and 50&middot;8 years (10&middot;3) for participants with no stroke (60% women). 36 588 (80%) of the incident cases of stroke were ischaemic stroke, 7440 (16%) were intracerebral haemorrhage, 702 (2%) were subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 1002 (2%) were an unspecified stroke type. 28-day mortality was 3% (95% CI 3&ndash;4) for ischaemic stroke, 47% (46&ndash;48)for intracerebral haemorrhage, 19% (17&ndash;22; 52% for rural areas and 32% for urban areas) subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 24% (22&ndash;27) for unspecified stroke. …”