The effects of kaolin/PESF ratios on the microstructures of kaolin hollow tubes by Rosalam Sarbatly, Zykamilia Kamin

“…The cross-sectional microstructures of the kaolin hollow-tube precursors were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that, at k/p ratios of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 (low viscosity) and k/p ratios of 3.0 and 3.5 (high viscosity), the finger like voids dominated the outer regions and inner regions of the cross sections of the kaolin hollow tubes, respectively…”
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Ammonia removal from saline water by direct contact membrane distillation by Rosalam Sarbatly, Chiam, Chel Ken

“…This study investigated the effect of adding varying sodium chloride concentrations, 0.00, 0.22 and 0.33 wt%, during membrane fabrication, on the resulting membrane porosity and pore size, as characterized by the gravimetric method and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The additive increased the porosity of the membrane from 78% without additive to approximately 82 to 84%. …”
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