Estimating the right allocation of doctors in Emergency Department by Zulkifli, Mohd Ridzwan, Annamalai, Muthukkaruppan, Isahak, Kassim, Ahmad, Rashidi

“…Emergency Department (ED) provides acute care to various medical and surgical conditions.In a typical ED, there are three management zones: Red, Yellow and Green zones for attending patients with critical, semi critical and non-critical illness and injuries, respectively.The problem is staffing each zone with adequate doctors (the scarce resource) to ensure the ED is able to function as a reliable organisation.Consequently, this paper presents a useful way to estimate the right allocation of doctors in ED through Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) implemented using Arena.The estimation is based on patients’ waiting time and doctors’ utilisation rate.The basis of the simulation is drawn from Queuing Theory and Theory of Constraints.The case study is the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC).Seven scenarios based on real-life situations are simulated and analysed.The results show that the right allocation to the Red, Yellow, and Green Zones in UMMC-ED are two, four and two doctors, respectively.The findings will serve as the basis to plan for future work on re positioning relatively free doctors from one zone to another zone that is facing temporary overcrowding emergencies.…”
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A review on simulation and modelling for patient flow in the emergency department by Hamza, Nidal Abdelgadir Ahmed, Mazlina, Abdul Majid, Khalid, Adam, Noor Akma, Abu Bakar

“…The combination of agent-based modelling (ABM), DES and integration of DES and ABS technique has been chosen as the solution to modelling patient emergency waiting time in the emergency department realistically. The proactive and independent characteristics of agents in both approaches will contribute to the good representation of patient emergency waiting time in the emergency department.…”
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Application of the promethee II method in overcoming the bottleneck problem in an emergency department by Sadikon, Sharifa Amalina, Zainuddin, Zaitul Marlizawati

“…Emergency department (ED) is a primary healthcare department and a key component of the whole healthcare system. …”
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Reducing the throughput time for patient flow in emergency department: simulation and modelling overview by Hamza, Nidal Abdelgadir Ahmed, Mazlina, Abdul Majid, Al-Bashiri, Hael

“…Typically, this satisfaction depends on the services quality provided by hospitals. Emergency Department (ED), as a critical department in the hospital, has a complicated registration system that may lead to increase the patient throughput time. …”
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Simulating the impact of an increase in patient volume on a government emergency department in Malaysia by Ahmad, Norazura, Abdul Ghani, Noraida, Kamil, Anton Abdulbasah, Mat Tahar, Razman

“…This paper explores the potential of computer simulation model to access the effect of patient increase to emergency department performance and the patient flow.A simulation model of emergency department is developed based on discrete even simulation and system dynamics modeling approach to capture the behavior of an integrated system.Several scenarios are conducted to help management determine the required resources due to patient: volume increase that will not breach the national target time for patient to be attended to in emergency department.Results from the scenarios show that a 7% increase of patients affects most of the performance measures.In addition, medical assistants are the important resources in emergency department operations.…”
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Energy management strategies at emergency department block C Hospital Sungai Buloh, Malaysia by Lazim, Jamaizon Kefli, Sarip, Shamsul, Abdul Rahim, Abd. Rahman, Hassan, Mohamad Zaki, Abdul Aziz, Sa'Ardin

“…This project focuses on energy management strategies for energy saving that can be done on the HVAC system, air-cond, lighting and office equipment in Emergency Department, Block C Hospital Sungai Buloh. The annual profit, total cost and payment period for each research method are also studied. …”

A proposed simulation optimization model framework for emergency department problems in public hospital by Ibrahim, Ireen Munira, Liong, Choong-Yeun, Abu Bakar, Sakhinah, Ahmad, Norazura, Najmuddin, Ahmad Farid

“…The Emergency Department (ED) is a very complex system with limited resources to support increase in demand.ED services are considered as good quality if they can meet the patient’s expectation.Long waiting times and length of stay is always the main problem faced by the management.The management of ED should give greater emphasis on their capacity of resources in order to increase the quality of services, which conforms to patient satisfaction.This paper is a review of work in progress of a study being conducted in a government hospital in Selangor, Malaysia.This paper proposed a simulation optimization model framework which is used to study ED operations and problems as well as to find an optimal solution to the problems. …”
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A framework for emergency department capacity planning using system dynamics approach and the theory of constraints philosophies by Ahmad, Norazura, Abdul Ghani, Noraida, Kamil, Anton Abdulbasah, Mat Tahar, Razman

“…Patient waiting time and service delivery problems characterize health care services and are more acute in an emergency department (ED).With more patients needing care and fewer resources to care for them, ED that operates at or above capacity is inevitable. …”

Cardiac patient management system in the emergency department during COVID-19 pandemic using technology I.R 4.0. by Osman, Safaa, Eko Supriyanto, Eko Supriyanto, M. Warid, Muhammad Nabil

“…One of the critical departments, the emergency department, is affected, especially in middle- and low-income countries which have limited resources. …”

Managing Resource Capacity Using Hybrid Simulation by Norazura, Ahmad, Noraida, Abdul Ghani, Anton Abdulbasah, Kamil, Razman, Mat Tahar

“…Due to the diversity of patient flows and interdependency of the emergency department (ED) with other units in hospital, the use of analytical models seems not practical for ED modeling. …”
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Managing resource capacity using hybrid simulation by Ahmad, Norazura, Abdul Ghani, Noraida, Kamil, Anton Abdulbasah, Mat Tahar, Razman

“…Due to the diversity of patient flows and interdependency of the emergency department (ED) with other units in hospital, the use of analytical models seems not practical for ED modeling.One effective approach to study the dynamic complexity of ED problems is by developing a computer simulation model that could be used to understand the structure and behavior of the system.Attempts to build a holistic model using DES only will be too complex while if only using SD will lack the detailed characteristics of the system. …”

Used of simulation model to study the effect of increasing number of doctor and patients' arrival control by Salleh, Mohamed Najib, Yusop, Norhayati, Ali, Hazlina

“…For example the work of (1) and (2) in emergency department, (3) and (4) in outpatient department and (5) and (6) in pharmacy.…”
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