The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNP) on surface tension of commercial surfactant by Adelina, Dina, Azis, Muhammad Mufti, Purwono, Suryo, Subagio, Agus, Rowi, Khasan

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Estimation of surface tension for two immiscible fluids using lattice gas automata by Awang, Mariyami, Kristanto, Dedy

Feasibility of palm oil mill effluent sludge oil as cheaper carbon sources in biosurfactant production by Mohd Asmadi, Nur Aina Natasha, Zakaria @ Mamat, Mohd Rafein

“…The purified samples produced were characterized by emulsification index (E24,%), surface tension, NMR, HPLC and GC-MS.…”
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Adsorption of alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant on activated carbon for biobarrier purpose by Wijanarko, Anondho, Kencana Wulan, Praswasti Pembangun Dyah, Chandra, Willy, Dianursanti, Dianursanti, Song, Seung Koo, Sudibandriyo, Mahmud, Gozan, Misri

“…Total surfactant concentration was measured with COD-chromate analysis and surface tension measurement. Adsorption equilibrium curves in solid (dC/m) and liquid phase (Ce) as well as surfactant concentration versus surface tension were performed. …”
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Critical micelle concentration, interfacial tension and wettability alteration study on the surface of paraffin oil-wet sandstone using saponin by Alpandi, A. H., Inasyah, F. A., Sidek, A., Husin, H., Junin, R., Jaafar, M. Z.

“…The findings showed that surface tension for CMC value of saponin is 0.05wt%. Approximately 27% reduction from initial IFT was achieved with 8wt% of saponin concentration. …”
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Thermosolutal Marangoni mixed convection boundary layer by Md. Arifin, Norihan, Md. Ali, Fadzilah, Mohd Nazar, Roslinda, Pop, Ioan

“…An analysis is performed for mixed convection thermal and solute concentration Marangoni boundary layer that can be formed along the surface, which separates two immiscible fluids in surface tension flows. Similarity equations for the case in which an external pressure gradient is imposed are derived. …”
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shock wave propagation in monodispersed bubbly viscoelastic fluid flow by Chukkol, Y. B., Mohamad, M. N., Muminov, M.

“…Viscosity, elasticity and surface tension are considered under isothermal condition. …”

Evaluation of the effect of nanoparticle addition into Gemini surfactant on rheology and wax deposition of Malaysian crude oil by Norida, Ridzuan, Wong, Wai Yan, Vijaya Kumar, Shamala Devi

“…The objective of this research is to study the effect of temperature, shear rate and nanoparticle loadings towards viscosity, interfacial tension, surface tension as well as the weight of wax deposit form. …”
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The Potentials of Water-in-Diesel Emulsions as a Future Fuel by Nour, A. H., Azhari, H. Nour, Said, N.

“…In this study, emulsion of W/D was prepared by high speed mixing homogenizer and the physical properties (density, viscosity, flash point, surface tension, dynamic viscosity) were investigated. …”
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Evaluation of pressure changes for capillary and fishbone valves in Lab-on-CD systems by Peyman, J., Akbar Nozari, A., Soin, N., Ibrahim, F.

“…While an increase in Surface tension raises up the required pressure gradient for both valves. …”
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Wetting characteristics of photographic base solid polymeric substrates by Khan, Mohammad Ilyas, Hassan, Azman

“…The test liquid was glycerine/water solutions of viscosities 49 mPa.s and 643 mPa.s and the surface tension was 65 mN/m. The results show that of the three substrates, one substrate shows low wettable characteristics and the other two show high wettable characteristics.…”
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Effect of wash solvents on salt removal in rice husk derived nano-silica by Abdul Halim, Zulhelmi Alif, M. Yajid, M. Azizi, Idris, M. Hasbullah

“…A reason for this could be that due to the lower surface tension of ethanol as compared to acetone, the mixture was more effective in penetrating the gel pores to dissolve the salt.…”

Study on capacitive deionization microfluidic desalination by J., T. Heng, Abdulbari, Hayder A.

“…Recently, microfluidics desalination technology is immerging due to it is utilizing the domination of many apparent fluids physical properties (viscosity and surface tension) in the micro-flow systems. It is believed that the micro-scaled structures will optimize the mixing efficiency of the micro-flow liquid and lead to higher desalination performance. …”
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Effect of emulsifier at different concentrations on the properties and characteristics of biodegradable films based on gelatin with palm oil for food packaging application by Zazalli, S. A., B., Nabilah, De La Caba, Koro, Guerrero, Pedro, Zainal Abedin, Nur Hanani

“…Emulsifiers act as surface active agents that capable in reducing the surface tension of the water-lipid interface or the water-air surface. …”
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Biodegradation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate by bacterial consortium by K. Wulan, Praswasti P. D., Gozan, Misri, W., Anondho, Dianursanti, Dianursanti, S., Mahmud

“…However, significant growth rate did not occurr, 0.039 – 0.042 hour -1 and not too efficiently reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) for those systems. Surface tension in several variated concentration of LAS: 0 ppm >100 ppm >400 ppm >700 ppm, LAS 700 ppm = 1000 ppm = 1500 ppm.…”
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Effects of silicone surfactant on the water absorption and surface morphology of rigid palm oil-based polyurethane foam by Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira, Dzulkifli, Mohd. Haziq, Nik Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah, Abd. Majid, Rohah

“…The percentage of water uptake increased slightly with increasing surfactant contents due to siloxane portion of the surfactants, is thought able to reduce the surface tension of the cell, thus absorbing more water than 2 pbw surfactant content. …”
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Dynamic behaviors of micro air bubbles in a stagnant vertical water reactor by Winarto, Felixtianus Eko Wismo, Gilani, syed Ihtsham-ul-haq

“…These parameters add an influence of high buoyancy force and low surface tension. A reduction in the bubble size (milli to micro) tends to change the upward velocity, buoyancy force, drag force and exhibit a little or no turbulence effect. …”
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Spray characterization of palm olein/diesel blends under various injection pressures by Mantari, M. H. A. R., Eldrainy, Y. A., Jaafar, M. N. M.

“…It is concluded that high content of palm olein in the palm biofuel blends increases viscosity and surface tension and hence higher value of SMD and narrower spray cone angle was generated. …”

The effect of the STEM approach with the formative assessment in PBL on students' problem solving skills on fluid static topic by Parno, Parno, Kusairi, S., Wahyuni, D. R., M. Ali, M. Ali

“…The highest raise occurred in the Useful Description indicator and hydrostatic pressure subtopic for the Experiment class; and Useful Description indicator and surface tension subtopic for Comparison class. But, the two classes had the same lowest raise, namely in the Mathematical Procedures indicator and capillaries subtopic. …”
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Synthesis of non-edible biodiesel from crude jatropha oil and used cooking oil by Syazwana, Sapee, Ahmad Fitri, Yusop, Mohammad Nazri, Mohd Jaafar, R., Mamat, Wan Asma, Ibrahim, Hazir, Farouk, Norwazan, Abdul Rahim, lyia Syafira, Ab Razak, Muhammad Syahiran, Abdul Malik, Zhang, B.

“…The increment of the percentage of JME or UCOME in its blends is proportional to fuels physical properties such as density, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and surface tension, however inversely proportional to fuels calorific value. …”
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