Examining the effectiveness of general practitioner and nurse promotion of electronic cigarettes versus standard care for smoking reduction and abstinence in hardcore smokers with smoking-related chronic disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial by Begh, R, Coleman, T, Yardley, L, Barnes, R, Naughton, F, Gilbert, H, Ferrey, A, Madigan, C, Williams, N, Hamilton, L, Warren, Y, Grabey, J, Clark, M, Dickinson, A, Aveyard, P

Effective forces in colloidal mixtures: from depletion attraction to accumulation repulsion. by Louis, A, Allahyarov, E, Löwen, H, Roth, R

“…The latter are modeled as hardcore pair potentials with a Yukawa tail which can be either repulsive or attractive. …”

Exact results for interacting electrons in high Landau levels by Moessner, R, Chalker, J

“…We study a two-dimensional electron system in a magnetic field with a fermion hardcore interaction and without disorder. Projecting the Hamiltonian onto the n-th Landau level, we show that the Hartree-Fock theory is exact in the limit n \rightarrow \infty, for the high temperature, uniform density phase of an infinite system; for a finite-size system, it is exact at all temperatures. …”

Ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional t–J model with pair hopping terms by Coulthard, J, Clark, SR, Jaksch, D

“…We explain this effect by introducing a simplified effective model of repulsive hardcore bosons.…”