Parenting, the other oldes profession in the world- A cross-sectional study of parenting and child outcomes in South Africa and Malawi by Sherr, L, Macedo, A, Cluver, L, Meinck, F, Skeen, S, Hensels, I, Sherr, L, Roberts, K, Tomlinson, M

“…Influences on parenting could be seen through being the biological parent, parental mental health, poverty and stigma. …”

Affective modulation of anterior cingulate cortex in young people at increased familial risk of depression. by Mannie, Z, Norbury, R, Murphy, SE, Inkster, B, Harmer, C, Cowen, P

“…METHOD: Eighteen young people (mean age 19.8 years) with no personal history of depression but with a biological parent with a history of major depression (FH+ participants) and 16 controls (mean age 19.9 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing an emotional counting Stroop task. …”

Frontolimbic responses to emotional faces in young people at familial risk of depression. by Mannie, Z, Taylor, M, Harmer, C, Cowen, P, Norbury, R

“…METHODS: We used a block designed functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the neural responses to a task involving the matching of emotional facial expressions in 29 young people (age 16-21 years) who had a biological parent with a history of major depression, and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. …”

Impaired emotional categorisation in young people at increased familial risk of depression. by Mannie, Z, Bristow, G, Harmer, C, Cowen, P

“…The aim of the present study was to examine whether young people at risk of depression, by virtue of having a depressed biological parent (FH+), demonstrate negative biases in tasks of emotional facial recognition and emotional categorization. …”

Neural processing of reward and punishment in young people at increased familial risk of depression. by Mccabe, C, Woffindale, C, Harmer, C, Cowen, P

“…METHODS: We therefore used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural responses to pleasant and aversive sights and tastes in 25 young people (16-21 years of age) with a biological parent with depression and 25 age- and gender-matched control subjects. …”

Neural processing of reward and punishment in young people at increased familial risk of depression by McCabe, C, Woffindale, C, Harmer, C, Cowen, P

“…Methods: We therefore used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural responses to pleasant and aversive sights and tastes in 25 young people (16-21 years of age) with a biological parent with depression and 25 age- and gender-matched control subjects. …”

Frontolimbic responses to emotional faces in young people at familial risk of depression by Mannie, Z, Taylor, M, Harmer, C, Cowen, P, Norbury, R

“…</p><p>Methods: We used a block designed functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the neural responses to a task involving the matching of emotional facial expressions in 29 young people (age 16-21 years) who had a biological parent with a history of major depression, and 30 age- and gender-matched controls.…”

Mental health of youth orphaned due to AIDS in South Africa: biological and supportive links to caregivers by Sharer, M, Cluver, L, Shields, J

“…Those living with a biological parent had significantly higher anxiety symptoms than those living with a grandparent, other kin, or non-kin. …”

Linear growth following complicated severe malnutrition: 1-year follow-up cohort of Kenyan children by Ngari, M, Iversen, P, Thitiri, J, Mwalekwa, L, Timbwa, M, Fegan, G, Berkley, J

“…Premature birth and not being cared by the biological parent were associated with HAZ gain. Increases in mid-upper arm circumference and weight-for-age were associated with HAZ gain and protected against HAZ loss. …”

Mathematics anxiety: An intergenerational approach by Vanbinst, K, Bellon, E, Dowker, A

“…Interestingly, mathematics anxiety as well as educational level of both biological parents was associated, suggesting that mathematics anxiety results from a complex entanglement of nature and nurture. …”

Minority report: can minor parents refuse treatment for their child? by Turnham, H, Binik, A, Wilkinson, D

“…Who should be the decision-maker when an infant’s biological parents are also minors? In this paper, we analyse a case in which the biological mother is a child. …”

The evolution of parental care in stochastic environments by Bonsall, M, Klug, H

Association of physical activity with body-composition indexes in children aged 6-8 y at varied risk of obesity. by Rennie, K, Livingstone, M, Wells, J, McGloin, A, Coward, W, Prentice, A, Jebb, SA

“…DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 children aged 6-8 y who were recruited according to their risk of future obesity: high-risk children had &gt;/=1 obese parent [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): &gt;30] and low-risk children had 2 nonobese biological parents (BMI: &lt;30). Free-living activity energy expenditure (AEE) and PA level were calculated from 7-d doubly labeled water measurements, time spent in light-intensity activity was assessed by heart rate monitoring, and body composition was determined from isotopic dilution. …”

Emotional abuse of girls in Swaziland: prevalence, perpetrators, risk and protective factors and health outcomes by Meinck, F, Fry, D, Ginindza, C, Wazny, K, Elizalde, A, Spreckelsen, T, Maternowska, M, Dunne, M

“…The most common perpetrators were female (27.8%) and male (16.7%) relatives and, more rarely, biological parents. Risk factors associated with emotional abuse were frequent caregiver changes OR 1.42 [CI 1.03-1.97], poverty OR 1.51 [1.12-2.03], and physical abuse OR 1.98 [1.45-2.71] and sexual abuse OR 2.22 [1.57-3.10] victimisation. …”

Genes, maternal smoking, and the offspring brain and body during adolescence: design of the Saguenay Youth Study. by Pausova, Z, Paus, T, Abrahamowicz, M, Almerigi, J, Arbour, N, Bernard, M, Gaudet, D, Hanzalek, P, Hamet, P, Evans, A, Kramer, M, Laberge, L, Leal, S, Leonard, G, Lerner, J, Lerner, R, Mathieu, J, Perron, M, Pike, B, Pitiot, A, Richer, L, Séguin, JR, Syme, C, Toro, R, Tremblay, R

“…DNA is acquired in both biological parents and in adolescent siblings. A genome-wide scan will be carried out with sib-pair linkage analyses, and fine mapping of identified loci will be done with family-based association analyses. …”

Post-traumatic stress disorder and the risk of violent crime conviction in Sweden: a nationwide, register-based cohort study by Paulino, A, Kuja-Halkola, R, Fazel, S, Sariaslan, A, Rietz, ED, Lichtenstein, P, Brikell, I

“…Individuals who died or emigrated before their 15th birthday, were adopted, were twins, or whose biological parents could not be identified were excluded. …”