Published 2013
“…Perhaps the most sensitive issue relating to the Islamic penal system as it bears upon non-Muslims is the issue of whether or not a Muslim who kills a non-Muslim is liable to qisas, or just retribution, which in this case takes the form of the
death penalty. Hanafi jurists maintain that a Muslim who intentionally kills a dhimmi (a non-Muslim who, for the payment of a poll-tax, enjoys security of his person and property in a Muslim country) or a mu`ahid (a non-Muslim who dwells within the dar al-Islam under a contract of protection) is indeed liable to qisas. …”
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Proceeding Paper