Street, shrine, square and soccer pitch : comparative protest spaces in Asia and the Middle East by Cruz-del Rosario, Teresita, Dorsey, James M.

“…At times used for mass detentions and torture of regime opponents by the security forces in the Middle East and North Africa, soccer stadiums became battlefields of resistance by soccer fans against autocratic rulers as the fans became politicized, clashing with security forces and increasingly using matches to shout anti-government slogans. …”
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