Russian economic growth during the eighteenth century by Broadberry, S, Korchmina, E

“…Although Russia’s strong growth in large-scale industry during the eighteenth century has received much attention, this was starting from a very low base. Peter the Great’s modernisation drive thus had only a small effect on the economy as a whole, which remained dominated by agriculture and small-scale industry.…”

Catching-up and falling behind: Russian economic growth, 1690s-1880s by Broadberry, S, Korchmina, E

“…Although large-scale industry grew more rapidly than the rest of the economy, particularly after Peter the Great’s reforms in the early eighteenth century, this had only a minor effect on the economy as a whole, as it was starting from a very low base and still only accounted for 10 per cent of GDP by the 1880s. …”