An annotated bibliography of Gilpinia hercyniae (Hartig), European Spruce Sawfly by Adams, P, Entwistle, P

“…<p>In the manner of classical biological control severe outbreaks of European spruce sawfly, <em>Gilpinia hercyniae</em> (Hymenoptera; Diprionidae), have been regulated mainly by the action of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus disease but also by the intervention of parasitic insects. …”

Ecological effects of forestry practices in long-established woodland and their implications for nature conservation by Mitchell, P, Kirby, K

“…</p> <p>By contrast the practices that have been favoured in commercial forestry during the last forty years do tend to reduce the overall species or habitat diversity: the use of heavy shade-casting trees such as spruce, relatively large coupes (over 5 ha), few if any trees retained beyond maturity , a preponderance of stands all of a similar age, and intensive ground preparation techniques.…”