The Thirty Years’ War and the decline of urban Germany by Gierok, V

“…This paper estimates the impact of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) on urban economies in the Holy Roman Empire. …”

Heights across the last 200 years in England by Galofré-Vilà, G, Hinde, A, Guntupalli, A

“…Then they recovered to reach a plateau which they maintained for almost 300 years, before falling on the eve of industrialisation. …”

Sixty years of the Voting Rights Act: progress and pitfalls by Bernini, A, Facchini, G, Tabellini, M, Testa, C

Gendered change: 150 years of transformation in US hours by Ngai, LR, Olivetti, C, Petrongolo, B

Ethics learning from Young Lives: 20 years on by Crivello, G, Morrow, V

“…</p> <p>This report outlines some of the main ethics challenges faced by Young Lives as they have tracked the 12,000 children who joined Young Lives 20 years ago, and who are now adolescents and young adults. …”

Implicit contracts, incentive compatibility, and involuntary unemployment: thirty years on by MacLeod, WB, Malcomson, J

Extra classes and learning outcomes of eight-year-old children in Vietnam by Thu Ha, T, Tuan, T, Harpham, T, Thi Lan, P, McCoy, A

“…The Vietnamese school year is very short by international standards, covering only 33 weeks. …”

First Year Law Students, Legal Research Skills and Electronic Resources by Meredith, S

Exploring well-being among 22-year-old youth in India by Singh, R, Kesarwani, R, Mukherjee, P

“…This working paper presents a composite index that quantifies levels of well-being among 22-year-old young adults in India. The index is composed of 13 domains captured through 51 indicators. …”

Paying over the odds at the end of the fiscal year. Evidence from Ukraine by Klymak, M, Baumann, S

“…<p>Governments are the largest buyers in most countries and they tend to operate budgets that expire at the end of the fiscal year. They also tend to spend disproportionately large amounts right at year-end. …”

Utilization of scenarios in European electricity policy: the ten-year network development plan by Scheibe, A

“…In order to address these ambiguities, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) develops the two-yearly Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP). …”

A year of COVID: the evolution of labour market and financial inequalities through the crisis by Crossley, TF, Fisher, P, Levell, P, Low, H

Depression care optimization for men: A modality based on twenty years of evidence by Theeralerttham, N, Jani, A

Fifty years of Maghreb emigration: how states shaped Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian emigration by Natter, K

Do governments crowd out governments? Evidence from embassies at fiscal year-end by Baumann, S, Klymak, M

“…Many governments operate budgets that expire at the end of the fiscal year and rush to spend large amounts at this time. …”

The effects of pre-school attendance on the cognitive development of urban children aged 5 and 8 years by Woldehanna, T, Gebremedhin, L

“…Our results show that pre-school attendance has a statistically significant positive impact on the cognitive development of children at the ages of both 5 and 8 years, with the bigger impact at the latter age. …”

African time travellers: what can we learn from 500 years of written accounts? by Kerby, E, Moradi, A, Odendaal, H

“…In this paper we study 500 years of African economic history using traveller accounts. …”

Predictors of mathematics and literacy skills at 15 years old in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam: A longitudinal analysis by Tredoux, C, Dawes, A

“…The models indicate that children whose mothers are rendered psychologically vulnerable by the stresses of poverty are at risk of poor physical growth in the early years, and that this impacts language, cognition and numeracy skills across childhood. …”

Knowledge about Sino-Swiss international scientific collaboration: an analysis of twenty years co-authorship in two databases by Wang, X

“…Data from Weipu (VIP), a domestic Chinese scientific database and Web of Science (WoS), an international database, spanning the years 2001-2021, serve as the basis for this analysis. …”

Growth and growing space: results from an individual-tree thinning experiment in a 20-year-old Douglas Fir plantation by Adlard, P, Smith, J

“…<p>A thinning experiment using individual trees with five treatments and five replications in a 20-year-old Douglas Fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> (Mirb.) …”