Abyssal Upwelling and Downwelling Driven by Near-Boundary Mixing by McDougall, Trevor J., Ferrari, Raffaele

“…For a given amount of Antarctic Bottom Water that is upwelled through neutral density surfaces in the abyssal ocean (between 2000 and 5000 m), up to 5 times this volume flux is upwelled in narrow, turbulent, sloping bottom boundary layers, while up to 4 times the net upward volume transport of Bottom Water flows downward across isopycnals in the near-boundary stratified ocean interior. …”
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Understanding Bofedales as Cultural Landscapes in the Central Andes by White-Nockleby, Caroline, Prieto, Manuel, Yager, Karina, Meneses, Rosa I.

“…Abstract Bofedales are azonal peat-forming wetlands located in the tropical and subtropical Andes at high altitudes (approximately 3200–5000 m). Motivated by their socio-ecological importance, unique landscape qualities, and increasing vulnerability, scholars have developed a rich research agenda to better understand this ecosystem. …”
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Scattering of the low-mode internal tide at the Line Islands Ridge by Haji, Maha Niametullah

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Evidence for Enhanced Eddy Mixing at Middepth in the Southern Ocean by Smith, K. Shafer, Marshall, John C

“…It is shown that the flow can simultaneously support a PV diffusivity peaking at 5000 m[superscript 2] s[superscript −1] or so near the middepth steering level and a buoyancy diffusivity that is much smaller, of order 1000 m[superscript 2] s[superscript −1], exhibiting less vertical structure. …”
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