Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011 by Bates, Stephen S., Hubbard, Katherine A., Lundholm, Nina, Montresor, Marina, Leaw, Chui Pin

“…A consequence of the extended distribution and increased number of toxigenic species worldwide is that DA is now found more pervasively in the food web, contaminating new marine organisms (especially marine mammals), affecting their physiology and disrupting ecosystems. …”