Pain relief for reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations: a prospective randomized study comparing intravenous sedation with intra-articular lidocaine by Cheok, C.Y., Mohamad, J.A., Ahmad, T.S.

“…Objectives: The aim was to compare the effectiveness of intra-articular lidocaine (IAL) versus intravenous Demerol and Diazepam (IVS) in reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation. …”

Nonionic Mixed Surfactant Stabilized Water-in-Oil Microemulsions for Active Ingredient In Vitro Sustained Release by Yew, H.C., Misran, M.

“…Equal amounts of ascorbic acid, caffeine and lidocaine were solubilized in ST80 microemulsions to study their release rate. …”

Preparation and characterization of pH dependent κ-carrageenan-chitosan nanoparticle as potential slow release delivery carrier by Yew, H.C., Misran, M.

“…The encapsulation efficiency of the κ-carrageenan-chitosan nanoparticles exhibited higher preference towards more water soluble active ingredients, ascorbic acid as compared to caffeine and lidocaine. In addition, the slow release of active ingredients from the κ-carrageenan-chitosan nanoparticles, is plausibly due to the electrostatic interaction and compactness of the nanoparticles. …”