Character traits and involvement in immoral acts among adult Malay prisoners in Kajang Prison, Malaysia by Laidin, Jamaliah

“…Six constructs represent Islamic character traits under the respective faculties of:ghadab mahmudah (M), ghadab mazmumah (E-D); syahwat mahmudah (M),syahwat mazmumah (E-D); and ‘ilm/’aql mahmudah (M), ‘ilm/’aql mazmumah ghadab mahmudah (M), ghadab mazmumah (E-D); syahwat mahmudah (M),syahwat mazmumah (E-D); and ‘ilm/’aql mahmudah (M), ‘ilm/’aql mazmumah (E-D); while one construct of ghadab-syahwat-syaitaniyyah (D-E-S) represents immoral acts involvement. …”
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Archetypes of Ideal Men and Dreamed Women in Leyden's Translation of the Malay Annals by Abdullah, Noor Azah Catherine

“…It closely examines the characters' journeys closely in relation to their nafs (passions) and aql (reasonslintelligence) and look at the 'holes' in the 'whole' selves in the stories to highlight the hidden or concealed archetypes to uncover the men's follies behind their glories and the women's strengths beneath their dimmed portrayal. …”
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Sasterawan sebagai insan: satu penelitian terhadap beberapa pandangan sarjana by Abdul Rani, Mohd Zariat

“…By applying the framework of "The Nature of Man " according to al- Attas, this discussion brings to light several basic ideas such as "the nature of debt of creation and existence", "natural inclination", "ibadah" (worshipful service), "judicious power" (al-'aql) "man's forgetfulness" (nisyan), and "adab", all of which are examined in order to understand about the duty and position of poets/literary figures (al-shu'ara') in Islam. …”
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Tazkiyatun nafs (purification of the soul): a psycho-spiritual approach in strengthening marriage relationships by Ahmad, Rosliza, Hassan, Siti Aishah

“…Four elements of human nature; ruh (spirit), qalb (heart), aql (intellect), and nafs (soul), will be discussed to understand the nature of human beings. …”
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Effects of marital psycho-spiritual intervention on personality, communication and attachment among muslim spouses in Kedah, Malaysia by Ahmad, Rosliza

“…These results reveal valuable information that an Islamic psycho-spiritual approach that emphasizes the spiritual practices and element of nafs (soul), aql (intellect), qalb (heart), and ruh (spirit) help improve Muslim spouses‘ personality, communication and avoidance attachment. …”
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