Feasibility of palm oil mill effluent sludge oil as cheaper carbon sources in biosurfactant production by Mohd Asmadi, Nur Aina Natasha, Zakaria @ Mamat, Mohd Rafein

“…The purified samples produced were characterized by emulsification index (E24,%), surface tension, NMR, HPLC and GC-MS.…”
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Oil based nano-emulsion formulation of azadiracthin for biopesticide by Omar, Dzolkhifli, Basri, Mahiran, Muhamad Awang, Rita, Kamarudin, Noorhazwani

“…A broad spectrum plant based formulation for killing insects includes an active ingredient extracted from a plant material, a surfactant in an effective amount to provide emulsification of the formulation and reducing surface tension of the formulation and a carrier for the active ingredient, the carrier includes an insecticidal oil-containing amide.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary Ammonium Salts Containing Carbonyl Functionality by Salim, Norazlinaliza

“…The crystal systems for both compounds were monoclinic. In the surface tension study, it was found that all of the QASs prepared lower the surface tension of water. …”
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Production of biosurfactant from used cooking oil by local bacterial isolates for heavy metals removal by Md Badrul Hisham, Nurul Hanisah

“…Four bacterial isolates capable of utilizing UCO as a carbon source were isolated using Bushnell and Haas agar and screened for biosurfactant production with the help of oil spreading assay and surface tension activity. Out of the four Gram-positive isolates, the strain HIP3 showed the highest oil displacement area with the lowest surface tension of 38 mN/m after 7 days of culturing in mineral salt medium and 2% (v/v) UCO at temperature of 30°C and agitation of 200 rpm. …”
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Biosurfactant production and growth kinetics studies of the waste canola oil-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis AQ5-07 from Antarctica by Ibrahim, Salihu, Abdul Khalil, Khalilah, Mohd Zahri, Khadijah Nabilah, Gomez-Fuentes, Claudio, Convey, Peter, Zulkharnain, Azham, Sabri, Suriana, Alias, Siti Aisyah, González-Rocha, Gerardo, Ahmad, Siti Aqlima

“…The strain showed β-haemolysis on blood agar with a high emulsification index and low surface tension value of 91.5% and 25.14 mN/m, respectively. …”
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Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 181 by Yassin Al-Araji, Laith Issa

“…Generally, simultaneously increasing surface tension reduction and emulsification index (E24) improved yields. …”
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Performance and physical property evaluation of palm oil-based adjuvant formulated in glyphosate isopropylamine and glyphosate monoammonium for weed control by Ahmad Rafie, Meor Badli Shah

“…Surface tension for MAGIPAS4 with 7.5% (35.25 mN/m), 10% (34.86 mN/m) and 12.5% (34.98 mN/m) was significantly lower than the standard product Asset (45.03 mN/m) but no significant different with Roundup (40.05 mN/m). …”
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Thermosolutal Marangoni mixed convection boundary layer by Md. Arifin, Norihan, Md. Ali, Fadzilah, Mohd Nazar, Roslinda, Pop, Ioan

“…An analysis is performed for mixed convection thermal and solute concentration Marangoni boundary layer that can be formed along the surface, which separates two immiscible fluids in surface tension flows. Similarity equations for the case in which an external pressure gradient is imposed are derived. …”
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Development and characterization of docetaxel and curcumin-loaded aerosolized nanoemulsion for pulmonary cancer by Asmawi, Azren Aida

“…All nanoemulsions exhibited desirable pH, viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension attributes for pulmonary administration. …”
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Thermal and solutal marangoni mixed convection boundary layer flow by Md. Arifin, Norihan, Md.Ali, Fadzilah, Nazar, Roslinda, Pop, Ioan

“…An analysis is performed for mixed convection thermal and solute concentration Marangoni boundary layer that can be formed along the surface, which separates two immiscible fluids in surface tension flows. Similarity equations for the case in which an external pressure gradient is imposed are derived. …”
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Micellization in a Mixed Alkali Soap System by Suhaimi, Hamdan, Kassim, Anuar, Che Rose, Laili

“…The solubility of sodium octanoate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the micelle was investigated by measuring the surface tension of the aqueous solution of surfactant mixture as a function of mole fraction of surfactants. …”
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Synthesis of Brominated C-18 Fatty Acids and Surfactant Properties of Their Sodium Salts by Baptist, Steven

“…The physicochemical properties of sodium salts fatty acid have not been thoroughly investigated and are, therefore, not well understood In line with this, brominated and non-brominated sodium salts of C-18 chain fatty acids were prepared and their physicochmical properties and performance in aqueous solution have been investigated by means of surface tension, conductivity, NMR(¹H and ¹³C) and emulsion stability The experimental results indicate that when bromine atom/s were present in the alkyl chain of the fatty acid sodium salts, the surface activity increases. …”
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Effects of spray drying conditions of microencapsulation of Amaranthus gangeticus extract on drying behaviour by Chong, Pik Han, Yusof, Yus Aniza, Aziz, Mohammad Gulzarul, Naim, Mohd Nazli, Chin, Nyuk Ling, Syed Muhammad, Sharifah Kharidah

“…Several parameters including feed moisture, powder moisture, drying ratio, productivity, surface tension, density and viscosity of feed were determined experimentally. …”
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Oil nano-emulsion formulation of Azadirachtin for control of Bemisia tabaci gennadius by Kamarudin, Noorhazwani

“…All sixteen formulations showed surface tension lower than water (72.00mN/m). The formulation F14 (29.90mN/m), F15 (29.93mN/m) and F16 (29.86mN/m) showed lower surface tension compared to other formulations. …”
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Optimization and characterization of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas sp. LM19 using palm kernel fatty acid distillate by Thio, Cui Wen

“…Antimicrobial activity and surface tension test were conducted to identify the functional properties of the rhamnolipid produced. …”
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Marangoni convection in a liquid saturated porous medium with internal heat generation. by Md. Arifin, Norihan, Mohd Mokhtar, Nor Fadzillah, Suleiman, Mohamed, Ismail, Fudziah, Nazar, Roslinda

“…The lower surface of the layer is assumed to be a perfect conductor and the upper surface is nondeformed and subjected to a temperature-dependent surface tension. The Darcy law and the Brinkman model are used to describe the flow in the porous medium heated from below. …”
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Stability of Marangoni Convection in a Fluid Layer with Temperature-Dependent Viscosity by Zainal Abidin, Nurul Hafizah

“…The onset of steady Marangoni convection induced by surface tension gradients along the upper surface of a horizontal layer of fluid have been the subject of a great deal of theoretical work since the pioneering theoretical investigations of Pearson (1958). …”
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Culture medium development for microbial-derived surfactants production: an overview by Abdul Hamid, Nurfarahin, Mohamed, Mohd Shamzi, Phang, Lai Yee

“…Surfactants are compounds that can reduce the surface tension between two different phases or the interfacial tension of the liquid between water and oil, possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. …”
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Synthesis and characterization of palm fatty hydrazide derivatives by Ahmad, Norashikin

“…Lower surface tension was recorded for cationic surfactants prepared with acyl chloride with phenyl group. …”
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Effect of emulsifier at different concentrations on the properties and characteristics of biodegradable films based on gelatin with palm oil for food packaging application by Zazalli, S. A., B., Nabilah, De La Caba, Koro, Guerrero, Pedro, Zainal Abedin, Nur Hanani

“…Emulsifiers act as surface active agents that capable in reducing the surface tension of the water-lipid interface or the water-air surface. …”
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