Raman spectroscopy by Goh, P. S., Ismail, A. F., Ng, B. C.

“…Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for qualitative and quantitative polymeric membrane characterization. …”

Determination of elements in rice using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy by Abdul Wahid, Rahmat

“…Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique offers simplicity, real-time analysis and requires minimal or no sample preparation, in contrast to conventional method of elemental analysis. …”

LED based soil spectroscopy by Mohd. Yusof, Khairunnisa, Isaak, Suhaila, Ngajikin, Nor Hafizah, Che Abd. Rashid, Nurfatihah

“…For future works, the optical measurements will be implemented using visible and near infrared LED and the photodetector in order to replace the spectrometer usage for soil spectroscopy. This would lead to achieve the primary objective of this research in developing a simple and low cost spectroscopy uses LED .…”
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Raspberry pi bassed spectroscopy by Isaak, Suhaila, Chuan, Mu Wen

FTIR spectroscopy of methane adsorption on zeolites by Nor Kamarudin, Khairul Sozana, Yuan, C. Y., Hamdan, H., Mat, H.

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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy by Mohamed, M. A., Jaafar, J., Ismail, A. F., Othman, M. H. D., Rahman, M. A.

“…The use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been considered to be one of the most effective techniques to study and understand the chemical and surface chemistry in various types of membrane. …”

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by Aziz, M., Ismail, A. F.

“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is the most widely used surface analysis technique because it can be applied to a broad range of materials and provides valuable quantitative and chemical state information from the surface of the material being studied. …”

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by SathishKumar, R., Arthanareeswaran, G., Ismail, A. F., Abdullah, M. S., Cheer, N. B.

“…Nowadays, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most essential research tools in material science and engineering. …”

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy by Khulbe, K. C., Ismail, A. F., Matsuura, T.

“…This chapter consists of the following three parts.1.The principle of electroparamagnetic resonance (EPR)2.Review on the application of EPR for membrane characterization3.Future potential of EPR application for membrane characterizationIn part 1, the fundamentals of the EPR spectroscopy is briefly outlined. Part 2 summarizes the EPR characterization work that has been already done. …”

NPK detection spectroscopy on non-agriculture soil by Yusof, K. M., Isaak, S., Rashid, N. C. A., Ngajikin, N. H.

“…For future works, the optical measurements will be implemented using visible and near infrared LED and the photodetector in order to replace the spectrometer usage for soil spectroscopy. This would lead to achieve the primary objective of this research in developing a simple and low cost spectroscopy uses light-emitting diode (LED).…”
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A flexible optical sensor for microalbuminuria spectroscopy by Isaak, Suhaila, Yusof, Yusmeeraz, Mohd. Yusof, Khairunnisa, Kwan, Khoo Ming

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Absorption spectroscopy based sensor for oxygen detection by Haghighi, Seyed Mobin Parsooei

“…The purpose of this study is to describe a development of a spectroscopy-based sensor used for detecting oxygen in the UV region between 200-230 nm. …”
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Detection of chloramphenicol in chicken's serum and human's urine by spectroscopy by Asadollahi, Zohreh

Optical emission spectroscopy of carbon arc discharge plasma by Chaudhary, Kashif, Tariq, Usman, Roslan, Sufi, Shude, Ong, Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Safwan

“…The electron temperature and density is estimated applying in situ optical emission spectroscopy. The optical spectra are recorded for applied arc current 50A, 60A, 70A, 80A and 90A for ambient pressures 100torr, 300torr and 500torr. …”
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NPK detection using LED based spectroscopy on soil by Mohd. Yusof, Khairunnisa, Ngajikin, Nor Hafizah, Che Abd. Rashid, Nurfatihah

“…xSoil spectroscopy measurement is widely used to determine the macronutrient level in soil. …”

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of local cow’s tissues by Mat Rifin, Siti Norfarha, Munajat, Yusof, Kasim, Nabilah, Hamdi, Muhammad, Arshad, Ahmad Zulhilmi, Zulkifli, Mohd. Zamani, Chong, Wu Yi, Ahmad, Harith, Razak, Nor Farhah

“…This study demonstrates terahertz time-domain spectroscopy characterization of animal tissues obtained from local cow at mart. …”
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Monitoring of diameter of gold nanoparticles using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy by Ahmadi, Mina

“…This research presents monitoring of average diameter and concentration of gold nanoparticles (NPs) using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The reliability of the UV-Vis spectroscopy is verified by comparing it to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. …”
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Determination of plasma properties by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy by Aziz, Siti Nur Azilah

“…Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a growing technique in atomic spectroscopy due to its advantages with minimum sample preparation. …”
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Using near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the amylose content in rice by Rahim, H. A., Ibrahim, S.

“…In this study, non-destructive method by using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure the amylose content of single rice grain for milled rice and brown rice. …”

Analysis for soluble solid contents in pineapples using NIR spectroscopy by Abdul Rahim, Herlina, Seng, Chia Kim, Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi

“…This research investigates the use of predictive models and a low cost spectroscopy in non-invasive Soluble Solids Content (SSC) assessment. …”
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