Published 2007
“…Productivity is the ratio of output per input.However, it is difficult to measure the output of higher education because the
quality of graduates is intangible.Most research are focused on quality measurement of higher education or using the least cost solution that emphasizes quantity rather than quality and efficiency regardless of effectiveness.The objectives of this
paper are to determine the best
measurement to measure the productivity in Higher Education Institution (HEI), and to identify the relationships between efficiency of
higher education system and graduates’ unemployment.Using Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) as a case study, productivity’s
measurement is divided into two categories: efficiency and effectiveness.Efficiency measures the ratio of total number of students in UUM and total cost; the effectiveness analyses how UUM fulfills the needs of society. …”
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