2011 Libyan uprising and NATO intervention: A critical analysis by Musa, Basiru, Yaacob, Che Mohd Aziz, Omar, Rusdi

“…The study critically evaluated the impact of NATO’s military intervention in the 2011 Libyan uprising.Specifically, it was intended to protect innocent civilians by imposing a no-fly zone over Libya ordered by a United Nations Security Council Resolution: 1973 or it was carried out to further the global hegemonic interests of the US through NATO’s military might.The work utilised a theoretical framework of Collective Security, developed by A.F.K. …”
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Kurdistan region: A country profile by Kirmanj, Sherko

“…At the end of the Second Gulf War in early 1991, the Kurdish people in Iraq rose against Saddam Hussein’s regime by liberating most of the areas inhabited by them.However, within a few weeks, the uprising was crushed.The Iraqi army’s attack on Kurdish cities and villages and its retaliation against the Kurdish forces and civilians led to a mass exodus of the Kurds to Iran and Turkey.The international community’s intervention resulted in the creation of the northern no-fly-zone by the UN Security Council.This facilitated the return of most of Kurdish refugees back to their habitat.But the continued pressure by the Kurds on the regime forced the government to withdraw its forces, as well as the administrative units from parts of Kurdistan in October 1991.The Kurds then filled the vacuum created by holding elections in 1992, and thus began self-governance in the region.The areas under the control of Kurdish authorities since then came to be known as the Kurdistan Region (RG) which was a self-declared federal region in Iraq until 2005 when the Iraqi constitution officially recognized the region of Kurdistan, along with its existing authorities, as a federal region in Iraq. …”
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