Digital democracy in rural Indonesia by Nuswantoro, Ranggabumi, Birowo, Mario Antonius, Saraswatiand, Idha, Fachrudin, Ferdy

“…Citizen participation is the key to democracy.The development of information and communication technologies makes citizens more empowered, have broad access to information and able to influence policy making, especially at the local level.This paper will describe digital democracy in rural indonesia, when the villagers report their local isues and fight for their right to have a favorable policy. …”
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Community Involvement in Rural Entrepreneurship by Talib, Azlizan, Yusoff, Mohd Nazaruddin, Md Zan, Zainal

“…The study findings have shown that the level of involvement of the rural residents in the entrepreneur fields is moderate. …”
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Rural public library in developing a nation: Case study of Malaysian and Australian rural public library by Abu, Roziya, Abdul Malik, Anis Faradella, Azmi, Nor Azlina

“…A rural library is a library or library system that serves a rural community or population that primarily lives on farms and ranches, and in remote communities. …”
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Administration and development of growth in rural area by Yusoff, Noraniza

“…The questions experienced by rural-based planners are different from those experienced by urban or metropolitan-based planning agencies that require very specific attention and research. …”
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PESTEL’s Holistic Framework for Rural Development by Ahmad, Hartini, Sabar, Rohafiz, Anuar, Nur Khairiel

“…There is limited knowledge of the holistic nature of PESTEL on the rural community and regional development in Malaysia. …”
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Entrepreneurs in rural areas: Challenges and opportunities by Md Isa, Filzah, Othman, Siti Norezam, Mohd Nor, Nor Azila, Yahya, Mohd Azlan, Salahuddin, Norkhazzaina

“…A review of the relevant small business literature, however, revealed that there are limited studies attempting to investigate the issue of entrepreneurs in rural areas. This article attempts to study the role, contribution problems, and constraints related to the rural entrepreneurs, which may affect their operations, survival, growth, stability, and profitability. …”
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Rural Development: A Legacy Continues… by Abu, Roziya, Ahmad Sabri, Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani

“…Traditionally, rural developments are centered on the intensive utilization of land natural resources such as agriculture and farming. …”
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Rural internet centre (RIC) as a mean for bridging the digital gap in rural communities: Assessment of current situations by Mat Aji, Zahurin, Ibrahim, Huda, Yusop, Nor Iadah, Abd Razak, Rafidah, Sheik Osman, Wan Rozaini

“…Rural Internet Centre (RIC) project by the Malaysian government offers opportunity to bridge the digital gap between the rural and urban communities in Malaysia. …”
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Trading Centre In City And Rural Area Will Be Linked by Sin Chew, Daily

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RTC Boost Income Of People In Rural Zone by Nanyang Siang Pau, (Northern)

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Democracy and rural development in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects by Yuguda, Madu Abdulrazak, Yusof, Rohana

“…Nigeria’s return to democratically elected government in 1999; after decades of Military rule and dictatorship since independence in 1960 has placed the country’s agenda on an agreed target by all and sundry, and this was accompanied by hopes, aspirations and expectations, due to the fact that, the countries development remains inadequate, most especially at the rural level which is regarded as most deprived and undeveloped.This paper therefore, attempts to examine the challenges and prospects of democracy on rural development in Nigeria from 1999-2014. …”
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Dynamic carpooling notification system for rural areas by Alharbi, Omar, Hashim, Nor Laily

“…With the increasing of energy resource's prices these days, the demands of energy resources already decreased in most countries of the world in general especially fuel resource.Beside that, rural areas in various countries suffer from lack of transportation services. …”
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Nonfarm income and income inequality in rural Kedah by Che Mat, Siti Hadijah, Abdul Jalil, Ahmad Zafarullah, Harun, Mukaramah

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Investigating rural entrepreneur’s business performance in Malaysia by Mohd Zin, Md. Lazim, Hassan, Zuraida, Subramaniam, Chandrakantan

“…The present study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between the three facets of entrepreneurial initiatives and rural entrepreneurs business performance.The entrepreneurial initiatives considered in the study are business support, networking support, and financial support.Toward this end, a survey among 183 rural entrepreneurs was carried out. …”
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Health conditions of older persons in rural Malaysia by Wan Ahmad, Wan Ibrahim, Ismail, Zainab

“…A total of 214 older populations, from a population aged 60 years and above living in rural areas in the district of Limbongan, Kelantan, Malaysia were selected as respondents.Results of the study show that not many respondents are suffering from chronic illness that requires ongoing medical treatment. …”
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Satisfaction of family support of older rural Malaysian by Wan Ahmad, Wan Ibrahim, Ismail, Zainab

“…One of the most significant demographic changes of the twentieth century is the aging of the world’s population.Population aging or the increasing proportion of older population has become a challenge not only for developed countries but developing ones as well.There are signs that the population of Malaysia is also moving towards aging.The purpose of this paper is to analyze satisfaction of older persons in rural Malaysia on family support they receive from their adult children.The design used in this study was a combination of the sociological method of face-to-face interviews and the anthropological method of participant-observation.Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 214 older residents aged 60 years and above in rural Kelantan, Malaysia was selected as respondents.Results reveal that on the average, one-third of the respondents are very satisfied, while more than half are satisfied with the support they received. …”
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Religious commitment of rural older woman in Malaysia by Wan Ahmad, Wan Ibrahim, Ismail, Zainab

“…The level of religious commitment of older persons varies considerably between older persons.The aim of this article is to explore religious commitment of older people with a special reference to the rural older women in Felda Chiku, the district of Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia.Using a non-probability sampling technique, a total of 70 older residents aged 50 years and above in Felda Chiku 1, Kelantan were selected as respondent.Results of the study show that almost all of older women have high level of religious commitment.Older women who have moderate and low levels of religious commitment are not significant.The implications of these findings are that religious programs should be activated so as all older persons have the awareness to comply with religion in every day life.…”
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Frequency of family support of older rural Malaysian by Wan Ahmad, Wan Ibrahim, Ismail, Zainab

“…There were kinds of support the elderly received in almost every day, while others the elderly respondents only received once in a while.From the number of respondents who receive support shows that the welfare of older persons in rural community is not abandoned.…”
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The availability of family support of rural elderly in Malaysia by Wan Ahmad, Wan Ibrahim, Ismail, Zainab

“…Furthermore, family support is also likely to be different between urban and rural areas.The majority of the elderly in Malaysia are likely to reside in rural areas. …”
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Rural market activities and child engagement in Nigeria by Alfa, Abdulmumini Baba, Abd Karim, Mohd Zaini

“…The aim of this study examines the effect of market day on child labour participation and school attendance.The data-set of 408 respondents were purposively obtained using structured questionnaire on children 10 to 14 years of age who are residents of Tungan-Mallam rural community, and bivariate probit model was applied. …”
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