Exercise acutely exacerbates derangement of cardiac energy metabolism in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a 31 phosphorus magnetic resonance study at 3 Telsa by Dass, S, Cochlin, L, Suttie, J, Holloway, C, Rodgers, C, Tyler, D, Karamitsos, T, Clarke, K, Watkins, H, Neubauer, S

“…The underlying sarcomere mutations increase the energy cost of contraction, and impaired resting energetics (i.e. phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate, PCr/ATP, as measured by 31Phosphorus MR Spectroscopy, 31P MRS) has been documented in genetically modified animal models and in patients with HCM.Hypothesis: Our hypothesis is that the high incidence of exercise-related death in HCM may be explained by an acute impairment of myocardial energetics. …”

Radiochemical HPLC detection of arginine metabolism: measurement of nitric oxide synthesis and arginase activity in vascular tissue. by de Bono, J, Warrick, N, Bendall, J, Channon, K, Alp, N

“…Accurate measurement of NO production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is critical for the investigation of vascular disease mechanisms using genetically modified animal models. Previous assays of NO production measuring the conversion of arginine to citrulline have required homogenisation of tissue and reconstitution with cofactors including NADPH and tetrahydrobiopterin. …”

Housing, husbandry and handling of rodents for behavioral experiments. by Deacon, R

“…Moreover, particularly when testing novel genetically modified animals or pharmacological agents, there is no substitute for direct visual observation to detect abnormal signs in the animals: for example, ptosis, piloerection, tremor, ataxia or exophthalmos. …”

Burrowing in rodents: a sensitive method for detecting behavioral dysfunction. by Deacon, R

“…The simplicity, sensitivity and robustness of burrowing make it ideal for assessing genetically modified animals, which in most cases would be mice. …”

Adipose tissue: a key target for diabetes pathophysiology and treatment? by Frayn, K, Tan, G, Karpe, F

“…If the normal mechanisms regulating adipocyte fat storage are interfered with (either in genetically-modified animals or by increasing the size of the adipocytes), then perhaps some sort of cellular stress sets in, leading to the inflammatory and endocrine changes. …”

The development and application of new hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for the non-invasive assessment of metabolism in the rodent heart by Dodd, MS

“…This requires the study of genetically modified animals, namely transgenic mouse models. …”

Nociceptive sensitizers are regulated in damaged joint tissues, including the articular cartilage, when osteoarthritic mice display pain behaviour by Driscoll, C, Chanalaris, A, Knights, C, Ismail, H, Sacitharan, P, Gentry, C, Bevan, S, Vincent, A

“…Cartilage injury assays were performed using avulsed immature murine hips from wild type or genetically modified animals, or by explanting articular cartilage from porcine joints pre-injected with pharmacological inhibitors. …”