Scholarly solutions: the development of American political science from the Gilded Age to the Great Society by Hotson, L

“…The development of the discipline was also shaped by the rising lot of the ‘expert’ in American life more generally – although their claims never went unchallenged. …”

Disruptive children: desegregation, student resistance, and the carceral turn in New York city schools by Remnick, N

“…Drawing from more than 40 different archives as well as 20 original oral histories, it maintains that school policing and student discipline have historically served as tools of social control and racial dominance, emerging with the very founding of organized education in America, and expanding most rapidly and dramatically as a direct response to the prospect of desegregated schooling and the attendant rupture in American life. In the wake of this conflict, the carceral apparatus was not only linked with, but institutionalized into, the public education system. …”