Genes and cigarette smoking. by Munafò, MR, Johnstone, E

“… AIMS: Attempts to further our understanding of the determinants of cigarette smoking, tobacco addiction and related behaviours have included the dissection of genetic influences on these phenotypes. …”

Cigarette smoking and steroid hormones in women. by Key, T, Pike, M, Baron, J, Moore, J, Wang, D, Thomas, B, Bulbrook, R

“…Epidemiological evidence has suggested that cigarette smoking has an anti-oestrogenic effect in women, but the effects of smoking on steroid hormone metabolism are not fully understood. …”

Short-term effects of cigarette smoking by Golding, J, Golding, J F

“…This thesis presents some evidence concerning the factors underlying the maintenance of cigarette smoking, in terms of the short term effects of cigarette smoking on a variety of physiological measures of arousal.…”

Cigarette smoking and benign breast disease. by Mant, D, Vessey, M, Smith, M, Yeates, D

Does cigarette smoking increase time to conception? by Munafo, M, Murphy, M, Whiteman, D, Hey, K

“…Data are reported on the relationship between cigarette smoking and other health-related behaviours and time to conception in a population-based sample of women who acted as a control group in a case-control study of twinning. …”

The causal effect of cigarette smoking on healthcare costs by Dixon, PC, Sallis, H, Munafo, M, Smith, GD, Howe, L

Effects of cigarette smoking on quinine pharmacokinetics in malaria. by Pukrittayakamee, S, Pitisuttithum, P, Zhang, H, Jantra, A, Wanwimolruk, S, White, N

“…OBJECTIVE: Quinine is an important antimalarial drug that is metabolised mainly by the hepatic mixed-function microsomal enzyme cytochrome P(450). Cigarette smoking in healthy volunteers has been reported to enhance quinine clearance. …”

The mechanism of carcinogenesis by the neutral fraction of cigarette smoke condensate. by Roe, F, Peto, R, Kearns, F, Bishop, D

“…Sixteen groups, each of 50 Swiss female SPF mice, were treated thrice weekly with various combinations of 3,4-benzopyrene (BP) and/or the neutral fraction of cigarette smoke (NF) in acetone applied to the skin. Some groups received one carcinogen, some the other and some a mixture of the two. …”

The importance of tar and nicotine in determining cigarette smoking habits. by Wald, N, Idle, M, Boreham, J, Bailey, A

“…Neither nicotine nor tar yields materially influenced the number of cigarettes smoked a day. Both nicotine and tar yields were negatively associated with inhaling (p less than 0.001) but after allowing for either of the two yields the effect of the other on inhaling was no longer statistically significant. …”

Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people (protocol) by Hartmann-Boyce, J, Begh, R, Lindson, N, Livingstone-Banks, J, Fanshawe, TR, McNeill, A, Shahab, L, Rigotti, NA, Kneale, D, Thomas, J, Aveyard, P

“…The objectives are as follows:</p> <p>To assess the evidence on the relationship between the use and availability of e‐cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people (aged 29 years or less), and whether the relationship differs by socioeconomic status, gender, or other demographic characteristics.…”

Cigarette smoking and urinary oestrogen excretion in premenopausal and post-menopausal women. by Key, T, Pike, M, Brown, J, Hermon, C, Allen, D, Wang, D

“…Cigarette smoking is associated with a reduction in the risk for endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women and it has been suggested that this is because smoking has an anti-oestrogenic effect. …”

Cigarette smoking and endometrial cancer risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses by Dimou, N, Omiyale, W, Biessy, C, Viallon, V, Kaaks, R, O'Mara, TA, Aglago, EK, Ardanaz, E, Bergmann, MM, Bondonno, NP, Braaten, T, Colorado-Yohar, SM, Crous-Bou, M, Dahm, CC, Fortner, RT, Gram, IT, Harlid, S, Heath, AK, Idahl, A, Kvaskoff, M, Nøst, TH, Overvad, K, Palli, D, Perez-Cornago, A, Sacerdote, C, Sánchez, M-J, Schulze, MB, Severi, G, Simeon, V, Tagliabue, G, Tjønneland, A, Truong, T, Tumino, R, Johansson, M, Weiderpass, E, Murphy, N, Gunter, MJ, Lacey, B, Allen, NE, Dossus, L

Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of cigarette smoking on hospital costs by Dixon, P, Sallis, H, Munafo, M, Davey Smith, G, Howe, L

Cigarette smoking and risk of acoustic neuromas and pituitary tumours in the Million Women Study. by Benson, V, Green, J, Pirie, K, Beral, V

“…BACKGROUND: The relationship between cigarette smoking and incidence of acoustic neuromas and pituitary tumours is uncertain. …”

Cigarette Smoking, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region by Nakamura, K, Barzi, F, Lam, T, Huxley, R, Feigin, V, Ueshima, H, Woo, J, Gu, D, Ohkubo, T, Lawes, C, Suh, I, Woodward, M

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae clearance by alveolar macrophages is impaired by exposure to cigarette smoke. by Martí-Lliteras, P, Regueiro, V, Morey, P, Hood, D, Saus, C, Sauleda, J, Agustí, A, Bengoechea, J, Garmendia, J

“…In contrast, exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) impaired alveolar macrophage phagocytosis, although NTHI-induced TNF-alpha secretion was not abrogated. …”

Cigarette smoking, birthweight and osteoporosis in adulthood: results from the hertfordshire cohort study. by Moinuddin, M, Jameson, K, Syddall, H, Sayer, A, Martin, H, Robinson, S, Cooper, C, Dennison, E

“…Similar trends were seen with femoral neck BMC and lumber spine BMC.Individuals of lower birth weight may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of bone noxious stimuli such as cigarette smoking.…”

Impact of cigarette smoking on cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. by Agudo, A, Bonet, C, Travier, N, González, C, Vineis, P, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H, Trichopoulos, D, Boffetta, P, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Boutron-Ruault, M, Kaaks, R, Lukanova, A, Schütze, M, Boeing, H, Tjonneland, A, Halkjaer, J, Overvad, K, Dahm, C, Quirós, JR, Sánchez, M, Larrañaga, N, Navarro, C, Ardanaz, E, Khaw, K, Wareham, N

“…PURPOSE: Our aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk of the tumors classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as causally associated with smoking, referred to as tobacco-related cancers (TRC). …”

From blood to lung tissue: effect of cigarette smoke on DNA methylation and lung function by De Vries, M, Van Der Plaat, D, Nedeljkovic, I, Verkaik-Schakel, R, Kooistra, W, Amin, N, Van Duijn, C, Brandsma, C, Van Diemen, C, Vonk, J, Marike Boezen, H

“…We postulate that DNA methylation is one of the routes by which cigarette smoke influences the development of COPD. In this study, we aim to identify CpG-sites that are associated with cigarette smoke exposure and lung function levels in whole blood and validate these CpG-sites in lung tissue.…”

Active and passive cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: results from the EPIC cohort. by Dossus, L, Boutron-Ruault, M, Kaaks, R, Gram, I, Vilier, A, Fervers, B, Manjer, J, Tjonneland, A, Olsen, A, Overvad, K, Chang-Claude, J, Boeing, H, Steffen, A, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Sarantopoulou, M, Palli, D, Berrino, F, Tumino, R, Vineis, P, Mattiello, A, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H, van Duijnhoven, F, Bakker, M, Peeters, P