Halofantrine in the treatment of malaria. by Horton, J

Cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine. by Nosten, F, ter Kuile, F, Luxemburger, C, Woodrow, C, Kyle, D, Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T, White, N

“…More than 60% of the effect occurred with three doses of halofantrine (24 mg/kg). The arrhythmogenic potential of halofantrine should now be investigated.…”

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity of parenteral halofantrine in uncomplicated malaria. by Krishna, S, ter Kuile, F, Supanaranond, W, Pukrittayakamee, S, Teja-Isavadharm, P, Kyle, D, White, N

“…1 The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity of a new parenteral formulation of halofantrine hydrochloride were evaluated in 12 adults with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and nine adults who attended in convalescence. 2 Intravenous halofantrine (1 mg kg(-1) infused in 1 h) was given every 8 h for a total of three doses in the acute study. …”

Comparison of capillary whole blood, venous whole blood, and plasma concentrations of mefloquine, halofantrine, and desbutyl-halofantrine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. by Ter Kuile, F, Teja-Isavatharm, P, Edstein, MD, Keeratithakul, D, Dolan, G, Nosten, F, Phaipun, L, Webster, H, White, N

“…Whole blood mefloquine, halofantrine, and desbutyl-halofantrine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in capillary blood, venous blood, and venous plasma samples from patients along the Thai/Burmese border with falciparum malaria who were treated with either mefloquine (25 mg/kg) or halofantrine (24 mg/kg or 72 mg/kg). …”

Halofantrine versus mefloquine in treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. by ter Kuile, F, Dolan, G, Nosten, F, Edstein, MD, Luxemburger, C, Phaipun, L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T, Webster, H, White, N

“…We have investigated the relative efficacy of halofantrine and mefloquine in two paired randomised trials on the Thai-Burmese border, a multidrug-resistant area. …”

Treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax with chloroquine and primaquine or halofantrine. by Baird, J, Basri, H, Subianto, B, Fryauff, D, McElroy, P, Leksana, B, Richie, T, Masbar, S, Wignall, F, Hoffman, S

“…Thus, chloroquine plus primaquine in combination and halofantrine alone are effective therapies for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax.…”

Halofantrine and primaquine for radical cure of malaria in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. by Fryauff, D, Baird, J, Basri, H, Wiady, I, Purnomo, Bangs, M, Subianto, B, Harjosuwarno, S, Tjitra, E, Richie, T, Hoffman, S

“…The combination of halofantrine and primaquine therapies was calculated as a regimen for achieving radical curve of falciparum or vivax malaria in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and compared with combined chloroquine and primaquine therapies. …”

Halofantrine pharmacokinetics in Kenyan children with non-severe and severe malaria. by Watkins, WM, Winstanley, P, Mberu, E, Kokwaro, G, Murphy, SA, Newton, C, Mwangi, I, Forster, D, Marsh, K

“…Kenyan children with uncomplicated malaria given oral halofantrine (HF; non-micronised suspension; 8 mg base kg-1 body weight 6 hourly for three doses) showed wide variation in the disposition of HF and desbutylhalofantrine (HFm). 2. …”

Other 4-methanolquinolines, amyl alcohols and phentathrenes: Mefloquine, lumefantrine and halofantrine by Nosten, F, Phillips-Howard, P, ter Kuile, F

“…This chapter describes mefloquine, pyronaridine, halofantrine, piperaquine and lumefantrine under the broader title of the 4-methanolquinolines, amyl alcohols and phentathrenes. …”

The antimalarial drugs mefloquine and halofantrine inhibit ATP-sensitive potassium channels by Gribble, F, Higham, C, Clarke, A, Ashcroft, F, Davis, T

Population pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria by Klein, K, Aarons, L, Ter Kuile, F, Nosten, F, White, N, Edstein, MD, Teja-Isavadharm, P

“…Aims To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial halofantrine (HF) in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria. …”

Population pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria. by Klein, K, Aarons, L, Ter Kuile, F, Nosten, F, White, N, Edstein, MD, Teja-Isavadharm, P

“…AIMS: To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial halofantrine (HF) in healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria. …”

Short report: in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to halofantrine in southern central Vietnam. by Doan, H, Taylor, W, Nguyen, D, Tran, T, Fryauff, D, Susanti, I, Gómez-Saladín, E, Le, D, Baird, J

“…We assessed the in vivo sensitivity of P. falciparum to halofantrine in two villages in the southern part of central Vietnam. …”

Assessing drug sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to halofantrine or choroquine in southern, central Vietnam using an extended 28-day in vivo test and polymerase chain reaction genotyping. by Taylor, W, Doan, H, Nguyen, D, Tran, T, Fryauff, D, Gómez-Saladín, E, Kain, K, Le, D, Baird, J

“…We assessed the drug sensitivity of P. vivax to chloroquine or halofantrine in two villages in southern, central Vietnam. …”

Falciparum malaria: differential effects of antimalarial drugs on ex vivo parasite viability during the critical early phase of therapy. by Watkins, WM, Woodrow, C, Marsh, K

“…In contrast, in vivo exposure to halofantrine for as little as six hours was sufficient to arrest parasite development. …”

Cardiotoxicity of antimalarial drugs. by White, N

“…Both drugs cause potentially dangerous QT prolongation, and halofantrine has been associated with sudden death. The parenteral quinoline formulations (chloroquine, quinine, and quinidine) are predictably hypotensive when injected rapidly, and cardiovascular collapse can occur with self-poisoning. …”

New antimalarials. A risk-benefit analysis. by Nosten, F, Price, R

“…Resistance has already emerged in some parts of the world. Halofantrine is also well tolerated and has a rapid antimalarial activity. …”

Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority. by Newton, P, Green, MD, Mildenhall, D, Plançon, A, Nettey, H, Nyadong, L, Hostetler, D, Swamidoss, I, Harris, G, Powell, K, Timmermans, A, Amin, A, Opuni, S, Barbereau, S, Faurant, C, Soong, R, Faure, K, Thevanayagam, J, Fernandes, P, Kaur, H, Angus, B, Stepniewska, K, Guerin, P, Fernández, F

“…METHODS: Seven collections of artemisinin derivative monotherapies, ACT and halofantrine anti-malarials of suspicious quality were collected in 2002/10 in eleven African countries and in Asia en route to Africa. …”

Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug susceptibility on the north-western border of Thailand during five years of extensive use of artesunate-mefloquine. by Brockman, A, Price, R, van Vugt, M, Heppner, D, Walsh, D, Sookto, P, Wimonwattrawatee, T, Looareesuwan, S, White, N, Nosten, F

“…The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values from primary infections were: dihydroartemisinin 1.2 ng/mL, artesunate 1.6 ng/mL, artemether 4.8 ng/mL, atovaquone 0.4 ng/mL, lumefantrine 32 ng/mL, chloroquine 149 ng/mL, quinine 354 ng/mL, mefloquine 27 ng/mL and halofantrine 4.1 ng/mL. A significant positive correlation was found between the susceptibility in vitro to artesunate and quinine (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), mefloquine (r = 0.46, P < 0.001), and halofantrine (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). …”

Clinical status and implications of antimalarial drug resistance. by Winstanley, P, Ward, SA, Snow, R

“…Although effective drugs are available (such as artemether-lumefantrine, mefloquine, atovaquone-proguanil and halofantrine) they are uniformly too expensive for routine use. …”