Perspectives on the causes of exceptionally low 2015 snowpack in the western United States by Mote, P, Rupp, D, Li, S, Sharp, D, Otto, F, Uhe, P, Xiao, M, Lettenmaier, D, Cullen, H, Allen, M

Warm and cold wet states in the western United States during the Pliocene–Pleistocene by Ibarra, D, Oster, J, Winnick, M, Caves Rugenstein, J, Byrne, M, Chamberlain, C

“…Lakes were abundant in the terminally draining basins of the western United States (USA) during both the colder-than-preindustrial latest Pleistocene glacial period (ca. 14–29 ka) and the warmer-than-preindustrial mid-Pliocene (ca. 2.9–3.3 Ma). …”

Small shelly fossil preservation and the role of early diagenetic redox in the early Triassic by Pruss, S, Tosca, N, Stark, C

“…Lower Triassic successions of the western United States, deposited in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction, provide an example of small shelly style preservation that significantly post-dates Cambrian occurrences. …”

Posthumanist pluralities: Advocating for nonhuman species’ rights, agency, and welfare in ecosystem governance by Thomsen, B, Cousins, T, Copeland, K, Thomsen, J, Coose, S, Mensah, A, Fennell, SR, Deshwal, A, Guzman, J, Copeland, S, Nickerson, D, Duggan, M, Schneider, A, Taylor, M, Saez, AH, Gosler, A

“…This essay also considers qualitative data collected during 15 months of a multi-sited, multispecies ethnographic study that explored wolf-human (Canis lupus) relations in the western United States during the Trump Administration. A pluralistic posthumanist wildlife-human coexistence framework for translational ecology is presented that emphasizes nonhumans’ rights, welfare, and agency in ecosystem governance.…”

Structure of North American mantle constrained by simultaneous inversion of multiple-frequency SH, SS, and Love waves by Tian, Y, Zhou, Y, Sigloch, K, Nolet, G, Laske, G

“…The smaller correlation coefficients and larger slopes of the δlnQS - δlnV S relationship under the western United States suggest an influence of nonthermal factors such as the existence of water and partial melt. …”

Seasonal spatial patterns of projected anthropogenic warming in complex terrain: a modeling study of the western US by Rupp, D, Li, S, Mote, P, Shell, K, Massey, N, Sparrow, S, Wallom, D, Allen, M

“…To investigate spatial variability of projected ΔT, we generated regional, high-resolution (25-km horizontal), large ensemble (100 members per year), climate simulations of western United States (US) for the periods 1985 – 2014 and 2030 – 2059, the latter with atmospheric constituent concentrations from the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5. …”

Northern spotted owl nesting habitat under high potential wildfire threats along the California Coastal Redwood Forest by Hysen, LB, Cushman, SA, Fogarty, FA, Kelly, EC, Nayeri, D, Wan, HY

“…Large and severe wildfires, exacerbated by climate change and human behavior, are occurring more frequently in many forests across the western United States. While wildfire is a natural part of most terrestrial ecosystems, rapidly changing fire regimes have the potential to alter habitat beyond the adaptive capabilities of species. …”

High hopes, low odds: factors impacting the higher education considerations of disadvantaged students by Telford, T

“…</p> <p>Student participants were recruited from within Upward Bound programs associated with public universities throughout a single state located in the Western United States. Upward Bound, one of eight federally-funded TRIO programs, is a pre-collegiate bridge program that seeks to increase higher education attainment amongst students from disadvantaged backgrounds. …”

Fighting Power: Interpretive Issues. The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 1950 by Hammes, T, Thomas X. Hammes

“…As it embarked, the brigade had to incorporate marines flown in from posts all over the western United States; draw equipment from war reserves held hundreds of miles away; reorganize many of the existing units under new tables of organization; and add an experimental helicopter detachment from the east coast of the United States. …”

Exploring variation in reading comprehension among young adult Spanish-English bilinguals: the role of environmental language contact and attitudes toward reading by Smith, S, Briggs, J, Pothier, H

“…<strong>Design:</strong> The current study included 50 Spanish-English bilingual undergraduate students, mean age 21.8 years, from a university in the western United States. Participants were administered a battery of standardized assessments including measures of executive function, English reading comprehension, working memory, non-verbal IQ, and questionnaires addressing language environment, language behaviour and attitudes toward reading in English and Spanish. …”