Wasale, trybutariusze, sojusznicy. ­Charakter relacji państw bałkańskich z Turcją osmańską w XIV wieku by Ilona Czamańska

“…The nature of the relations of the Balkan states with the Ottoman Turkey in the 14th century In the second half of the fourteenth century, more than twenty political bodies functioned in Balkans, which were more or less independent, often in conflicts with each other, joining into leagues and alliances. The Ottomans were a valuable ally, with which the Balkan rulers came in close political and military relationships. …”
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