Comparing two maps by Geographer Robert de Vaugondy that represent the Kingdom of Portugal in the 18th century (1751) with the current mapping of the country as regards its topography, hydrography, shoreline definition and settlements by Marco Pais Neves Dos Santos

“…In this paper, we go further in our analysis and compare these two maps with some current maps of Portugal, taking into account its topography, hydrography, shoreline definition and settlements. Although there are some errors in his maps, we can conclude that Robert de Vaugondy’s work, in terms of his knowledge and geographic representation of Portugal, was the best anyone could do at the time, and we restate the idea that the two maps represent ecclesiastical divisions.…”
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Modelos de aptitud espacial para la agricultura prehispánica y actual en el valle de Santa María, Catamarca, Argentina by Sonia Lanzelotti, Gustavo Buzai

“…The base map was based on data obtained from satellite images in combination with thematic maps specially prepared about geomorphological units, phytogeographic provinces, hydrography and areas with archaeological evidence of prehispanic agriculture. …”
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Itinérances américaines et histoire(s) coloniale(s) dans l’oeuvre du navigateur Alessandro Malaspina by Nicolas De Ribas

“…À côté de la mention des aspects biographiques et géographiques de cette œuvre qui réunit cartographie, hydrographie, botanique et physique, nous nous attacherons surtout ici à l’étude de l’écriture de l’Histoire qui nous informe alors du rapport contemporain au présent colonial de cette Amérique espagnole fin-de-siècle ainsi que de l’empire lui-même. …”
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