Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia by Ryan, Tomas John, Roy, Dheeraj, Pignatelli di Spinazzola, Michele, Arons, Autumn, Tonegawa, Susumu

“…Although these properties are lacking in engram cells under protein synthesis inhibitor–induced amnesia, direct optogenetic activation of these cells results in memory retrieval, and this correlates with retained engram cell–specific connectivity. …”
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Rehebbilitating Memory by Ryan, Tomas John, Tonegawa, Susumu

“…Amnesia is a deficit of memory function that can result from trauma, stress, disease, drug use, or ageing. …”
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Memory retrieval by activating engram cells in mouse models of early Alzheimer’s disease by Roy, Dheeraj, Arons, Autumn, Mitchell, Teryn, Pignatelli di Spinazzola, Michele, Ryan, Tomas John, Tonegawa, Susumu

“…However, it has been uncertain whether the observed amnesia in the early stages of AD is due to disrupted encoding and consolidation of episodic information, or an impairment in the retrieval of stored memory information. …”
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Hippocampal CA3 Output Is Crucial for Ripple-Associated Reactivation and Consolidation of Memory by Tonegawa, Susumu, Nakashiba, Toshiaki, Buhl, Derek L., McHugh, Thomas J.

“…Although posttraining HPC lesions result in temporally graded amnesia, the precise HPC circuits and mechanisms involved in remote memory storage remain poorly understood. …”
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Development of schemas revealed by prior experience and NMDA receptor knock-out by Dragoi, George, Tonegawa, Susumu

“…These results reveal the existence of distinct neuronal encoding schemes which could explain why hippocampal dysfunction results in anterograde amnesia while sparing recollection of old, schema-based memories.…”
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Postmortem examination of patient H.M.’s brain based on histological sectioning and digital 3D reconstruction by Annese, Jacopo, Schenker-Ahmed, Natalie M., Bartsch, Hauke, Maechler, Paul, Sheh, Colleen, Thomas, Natasha, Kayano, Junya, Ghatan, Alexander, Bresler, Noah, Frosch, Matthew P., Klaming, Ruth, Corkin, Suzanne Hammond

“…Molaison (H.M.), an epileptic patient whose amnesia ensued unexpectedly following a bilateral surgical ablation of medial temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampus. …”
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Selection of preconfigured cell assemblies for representation of novel spatial experiences by Dragoi, George, Tonegawa, Susumu

“…The hippocampus is a brain area necessary for normal internally generated spatial–temporal representations and its dysfunctions have resulted in anterograde amnesia, impaired imagining of new experiences, and hallucinations. …”
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Modeling the dynamical effects of anesthesia on brain circuits by Ching, ShiNung, Brown, Emery Neal

“…General anesthesia is a neurophysiological state that consists of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility along with maintenance of physiological stability. …”
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General anesthesia, sleep and coma by Schiff, Nicholas D., Brown, Emery N., Lydic, Emily K.

“…In the United States, nearly 60,000 patients per day receive general anesthesia for surgery.1 General anesthesia is a drug-induced, reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits — unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia — with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.2 General anesthesia produces distinct patterns on the electroencephalogram (EEG), the most common of which is a progressive increase in low-frequency, high-amplitude activity as the level of general anesthesia deepens3,4 (Figure 1Figure 1Electroencephalographic (EEG) Patterns during the Awake State, General Anesthesia, and Sleep.). …”
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General anesthesia, sleep, and coma by Brown, Emery N., Lydic, Ralph, Schiff, Nicholas D.

“…In the United States, nearly 60,000 patients per day receive general anesthesia for surgery.1 General anesthesia is a drug-induced, reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits — unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia — with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.2 General anesthesia produces distinct patterns on the electroencephalogram (EEG), the most common of which is a progressive increase in low-frequency, high-amplitude activity as the level of general anesthesia deepens3,4 (Figure 1Figure 1Electroencephalographic (EEG) Patterns during the Awake State, General Anesthesia, and Sleep.). …”
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