Du Paria à l’Émigré : une typologie des vagabonds post-révolutionnaires by Hugo Sert

“…The « great detention » analysed by Michel Foucault shows the fear societies have of wanderers and tramps. During the wholeclassical period, political and religious elites try to lock up people who don’t have neither home nor work, thinking that they are a danger to society’s order. …”
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Marginalité et errance dans l’œuvre de Laurent Gaudé : le vagabond comme figure de la rupture by Donia Boubaker

“…Partly a tramp and partly an outcast, the hobo as a character in Laurent Gaudé's imagination and fiction is a multi-faceted figure, a metaphor for modern world crisis. …”
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Lire le travail dans les cartes by Roger Cornu

“…The cards are a strongly coded space which lead to stereotyped pictures.At the beginning of the XIX century, the cards represent the urban tramping trades. In the second part of the century they will show the sedentary craftmen and the shopkeepers. …”
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