Efficient multi-scale representation of visual objects using a biologically plausible spike-latency code and winner-take-all inhibition by Sanchez-Garcia, Melani, Chauhan, Tushar, Cottereau, Benoit R., Beyeler, Michael

“…We demonstrate that a network of 200 spiking neurons tuned to three SFs can efficiently represent objects with as little as 15 spikes per neuron. …”
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Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks activate endosomal Toll-like receptors and potentiate immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer by Alsaiari, Shahad K., Nadeef, Seba, Daristotle, John L., Rothwell, William, Du, Bujie, Garcia, Johnny, Zhang, Linzixuan, Sarmadi, Morteza, Forster, Timothy A., Menon, Nandita, Lin, Stacey Qiaohui, Tostanoski, Lisa H., Hachmann, Nicole, Wang, Erika Yan, Ventura, John D., Barouch, Dan H., Langer, Robert, Jaklenec, Ana

“…The intrinsic adjuvant properties of ZIF-8, along with the efficient delivery and biomimetic presentation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein receptor-binding domain trimer, primed rapid humoral and cell-mediated immunity in a dose-sparing manner. …”
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The cellular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in virus-infected cells using the receptor binding domain binding specific human monoclonal antibodies by Chan, Conrad En-Zuo, Ng, Ching-Ging, Lim, Angeline Pei-Chew, Seah, Shirley Lay-Kheng, Chye, De-Hoe, Wong, Steven Ka-Khuen, Lim, Jie-Hui, Lim, Vanessa Zi-Yun, Lai, Soak-Kuan, Wong, Pui-San, Leong, Kok-Mun, Liu, Yi-Chun, Sugrue, Richard J., Tan, Boon Huan

“…While all five antibodies bound conformational-specific epitopes within SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, only PD5, PD7, and SC23 were able to bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD). …”
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Virus-like particles of nodavirus displaying the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: a potential VLP-based COVID-19 vaccine by Kumar, Kiven, Tan, Wen Siang, Arshad, Siti Suri, Ho, Kok Lian

“…The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus spike (S) glycoprotein has been extensively used in vaccine development due to its role in host cell attachment and penetration. …”
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Low-cost incubator for live-cell imaging by Goh, Rui Si

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Synaptic plasticity in VLSI : a floating-gate approach by Gopalakrishnan, Roshan

“…Potentiation occurs when a postsynaptic spike succeeds a presynaptic spike; otherwise depression happens. …”
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SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection by Kemp, SA, Collier, DA, Datir, RP, Ferreira, IATM, Gayed, S, Jahun, A, Hosmillo, M, Rees-Spear, C, Mlcochova, P, Lumb, IU, Roberts, DJ, Chandra, A, Temperton, N, Sharrocks, K, Blane, E, Modis, Y, Leigh, KE, Briggs, JAG, van Gils, MJ, Smith, KGC, Bradley, JR, Smith, C, Doffinger, R, Ceron-Gutierrez, L, Barcenas-Morales, G, Pollock, DD, Goldstein, RA, Smielewska, A, Skittrall, JP, Gouliouris, T, Goodfellow, IG, Gkrania-Klotsas, E, Illingworth, CJR, McCoy, LE, Gupta, RK

“…The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for virus infection through the engagement of the human ACE2 protein1 and is a major antibody target. …”

A systems biology approach to define SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection in non-human primates by Brady, C

“…The relationship between spike antibody isotype, IgG subclass, glycosylation and functional responses, and the relationship between these properties and protection, was explored. …”

Existence and Analysis of a Rotating Stall Inception Continuum & Development of Concept Questions in Fluid Dynamics by Cherry, Maranda F.

“…The divergence of stall inception from two-dimensionality is suggested as a distinguishing feature of spike type stall inception compared to modal type stall inception. …”
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Discovery of COVID-19 protein inhibitors in phenolic acids of azadirachta indica (neem) using docking and pharmacokinetics by Roney, Miah, Huq, AKM Moyeenul, Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi, Mohd Aluwi

“…The most attractive antiviral targets of SARS-CoV-2 are the spike protein and main protease (Mpro). In this work, sixteen phenolic acids of Azadirachta indica were docked into the active site of the spike protein and Mpro. …”
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B cell receptor repertoire kinetics after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination by Kotagiri, P, Mescia, F, Rae, WM, Bergamaschi, L, Tuong, ZK, Turner, L, Hunter, K, Gerber, PP, Hosmillo, M, Hess, C, Clatworthy, MR, Goodfellow, IG, Matheson, NJ, McKinney, EF, Wills, MR, Gupta, RK, Bradley, JR, Bashford-Rogers, RJM, Lyons, PA, Smith, KGC

“…Infection generates a broad distribution of SARS-CoV-2-specific clones predicted to target the spike protein, while a more focused response after vaccination mainly targets the spike's receptor-binding domain. …”

Improved margin multi-class classification using dendritic neurons with morphological learning by Hussain, Shaista, Liu, Shih-Chii, Basu, Arindam

“…We present an architecture of a spike based multiclass classifier using neurons with non-linear dendrites and sparse synaptic connectivity where each synapse takes a binary value. …”
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents by Ratcliffe, H

“…The results showed a high prevalence of pre-existing immunity against seasonal coronaviruses when measuring IgG concentration of antibodies against spike protein but did not confer protection against SARS-CoV-2.…”

Numerical modelling of detonation reaction zone of nitromethane by EXPLO5 code and wood and kirkwood theory by Štimac, Barbara, Chan, Serene Hay Yee, Kunzel, Martin, Muhamed Suceska

“…The measured particle velocity profile of NM shows the existence of a sharp spike followed by a rapid drop over the first 5-10 ns (fast reaction). …”
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Investigating viral glycosylation pathways for drug and vaccine development by Brun, J

“…Chapter 4 focuses on the site-specific glycosylation occupancy, and N- and O-glycan structures attached to virion derived SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins. This glycan signature was compared to a stabilised prefusion trimeric spike, to a monomeric subunit of spike (S1) and to an antigen of a non-stabilised vaccine candidate, revealing subunit shedding of the S1 glycoprotein for the vaccine candidate. …”

Comparative effects of domain-specific human monoclonal antibodies against LGI1 on neuronal excitability by Sell, J, Rahmati, V, Kempfer, M, Irani, SR, Ritzau-Jost, A, Hallermann, S, Geis, C

“…However, only the LRR-specific mAbs increased the number of action potential firing together with enhanced initial instantaneous frequency and promoted spike-frequency adaptation, which were less pronounced after the EPTP mAb. …”

Multiscale topological indices for the quantitative prediction of SARS CoV-2 binding affinity change upon mutations by Bi, Jialin, Wee, JunJie, Liu, Xiang, Qu, Cunquan, Wang, Guanghui, Xia, Kelin

“…Biologically, protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 surface spike (S) protein and human ACE2 protein are the key mechanism behind the COVID-19 disease. …”
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Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1) by Goh, Yun Shan, Fong, Siew-Wai, Hor, Pei Xiang, Loh, Chiew Yee, Tay, Matthew Zirui, Wang, Bei, Salleh, Siti Nazihah Mohd, Ngoh, Eve Zi Xian, Lee, Raphael Tze Chuen, Poh, Xuan Ying, Lee, I. Russel, Rao, Suma, Chia, Po Ying, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Wang, Cheng-I, Leo, Yee Sin, Lye, David C., Young, Barnaby Edward, Ng, Lisa F. P., Renia, Laurent

“…Results: We found significantly lower fold change in serum binding IgA responses against BA.1, BA.5 and EG.5.1 spike in the bivalent booster group, compared with the monovalent (WT) booster group, following vaccination. …”
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Towards a computer that functions like the human brain by Lee, Seow Wei

“…Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity and unsupervised learning in the network is researched in this report. …”
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Synaptic CMOS transistor by Chai, Zhen Hong

“…In this work, electrical measurements were conducted on commercial level TiN/HfO2 gated n-channel MOSFET transistor (with an equivalent oxide thickness of 1.7nm) to demonstrate that it can exhibit some critical synaptic characteristics of a biological synapse such as excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic current (EPSC and IPSC), short-term plasticity (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP), metaplasticity, and spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). The mechanism behind the output characteristic of MOSFET to exhibit synaptic-like response is the charge trapping and de-trapping at defects in the oxide and oxide/semiconductor interface. …”
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