Comparative analysis on the role of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the expression of bioactive compounds in callus of Capsicum frutescens by Yaacob, Jamilah Syafawati, Ramli, Muhammad Aiman, Abd Rahim, Muhamad Hafiz, Selvaraj, Abigail Marie Robert, Nyanasaigran, Laavanya

“…The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulator (PGR); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the expression of compounds in coloured callus of Capsicum frutescens, a vital spice in various cuisines worldwide. …”

In vitro regeneration of stevia (stevia rebaudiana bertoni) and evaluation of the impacts of growth media nutrients on the biosynthesis of steviol glycosides (SGs) by Ghose, Asish Kumar, Abdullah, Siti Nor Akmar, Md Hatta, Muhammad Asyraf, Megat Wahab, Puteri Edaroyati

“…Supplementation of MS with 0.50 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.10 mg/L zeatin produced 50% callus at 15 DACI while 1.50 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.10 mg/L zeatin at 30 DACI increased callus production to 76.67%. …”

Performance of Malaysian kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus callus biomass and exopolysaccharide production in a novel liquid culture by Norhisham, Danial ‘Aizat, Md Saad, Norsharina, Ahmad Usuldin, Siti Rokhiyah, Vayabari, Diwiya A G, Ilham, Zul, Ibrahim, Mohamad Faizal, Pau-Loke, Show, Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad

“…Using response surface methodology (RSM), it was found that sucrose concentration, agitation speed, and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentration can affect the production of KCB and EPS significantly (p < 0.05) while 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was deemed insignificant. To maximize the final yield of KCB and EPS, the final optimized variables are 50 g/L sucrose, 147.02 rpm, and 2 mg/L of NAA. …”

Daniellia oliveri as a type 2 diabetes remedy: evidence from in-silico evaluation by Adeyemi, Sherif Babatunde, Saliu, Ahmed Abiodun, Joshi, Bhrugesh Pravinchandra, Krishnamurthy, Ramar

“…Eight compounds with prominent peaks were identified, viz; gallic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 3-(−4-Hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. …”
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The effect of plant growth regulators on optimization of tissue culture system in Malaysian upland rice by Shahsavari, Esmaeil, Abdul Aziz, Maheran, Abdullah, Siti Nor Akmar, Musa, Mohamed Hanafi

“…Callus induction frequency was significantly different among the cultivars, as well as among the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) levels tested. All tested cultivars exhibited highest callus frequency at 2 mgl-1 2,4-D. …”
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Effect of urea-N on growth and indoleacetic acid production of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sb16) isolated from rice growing soils in Malaysia by Othman, Radziah, Naher, Umme Aminun, Yusoff, Siti Zuraidah

“…The highest indoleacetic acid (2.6 mg mL-1) was produced in the control treatment. …”
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Effect of 2,4-D and BAP on growth and chemical characteristics of bean sprouts (Vigna mungo L.) by Phornvillay, Surisa, Ahmad, Siti Hajar, Mohamad Yusuf, Zazarini

“…Some farmers use plant growth regulators, such as the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), to increase the hypocotyl thickness and inhibit bean sprout growth. …”
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Extraction of coconut oil with Lactobacillus plantarum 1041 IAM by Che Man, Yaakob, Abdul Karim, Mohamed Ismail, Teng, C. T.

“…Oil yield from the fermentation process with 5% inoculum of L. plantarum 1041 IAM after 10 h at 40°C was 95.06% Quality characteristics of the extracted oil were as follows: moisture content, 0.04%; peroxide value, 5.8 meq oxygen/kg; anisidine value, 2.10; free fatty acid, 2.45%; iodine value, 4.9; and color, 0.6 (Y + 5R). …”
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Desiccation tolerance in Phaleria macrocarpa embryonic axes by Asrity, Suaad Mohamed Ahmed, Tsan, Fui Ying, Ding, Phebe, Syed Aris, Syaripah Ruzaini

“…For each desiccation treatment, embryonic axes were drawn randomly for the determination of MC according to ISTA, electrolyte leakage and proliferation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The results obtained from this study indicated that the embryonic axes could tolerate dehydration down to 13.6% with desiccation for 8 h while retaining relatively high viability of 76.7%. …”
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Determination of urocanic acid, a compound implicated in histamine toxicity, and assessment of biogenic amines relative to urocanic acid content in selected fish and fish products by Zare, Davood, Syed Muhammad, Sharifah Kharidah, Bejo, Mohd Hair, Mohd Ghazali, Hasanah

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Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide/maghemite nanocomposite: influence of heat treatment on photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Kian, Mun Lee, Abdullah, Abdul Halim

“…In the current study, ultraviolet-active zinc oxide/maghemite (ZnO/γ-Fe2O3) nanocomposite catalysts were prepared and applied to the photodecomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). 2,4-D is a herbicide that is widely used in agriculture and landscape turf management. …”
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Biopanning For Peptides That Interact With 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid And Their Detection In The Medium Of Oil Palm Suspension Culture. by Md Aris, Nurwatti

“…2, 4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) is one of the commonly used plant growth regulators in somatic embryogenesis of oil palm cultures. …”
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Molecular docking analysis of Carica papaya Linn constituents as antiviral agent by Narayanaswamy, Radhakrishnan, Lam, Kok Wai, Mohd Esa, Norhaizan

“…The molecular physicochemical analysis revealed that cardenolide and p-coumaric acid (2 ligands) complied with Lipinski’s rule of five. …”
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The antagonistic effect of phenolic compounds on ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes of ganoderma boninense, causing basal stem rot in oil palm by Surendran, Arthy, Siddiqiu, Yasmeen, Mohd Saud, Halimi, Manickam, Sivakumar, Syd Ali, Nusaibah

“…To identify a potential chemical control for Ganoderma ten naturally occurring plant phenolic compounds, namely benzoic acid, curcumin, 2,6-dimethoxyl benzoic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyl phenol, guaiacol, ferulic acid, pyrocatechol, salicylic acid, syringic acid and vanillic acid were assessed for their antagonistic effect on Ganoderma as well their effect on the secretion of wood-degrading enzymes. …”
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Highly efficient proliferation and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBS) of the threatened orchid, phalaenopsis bellina by Chew, Yee-Chern, Abd Halim, Muhammad Husni, Wan Abdullah, Wan Muhamad Asrul Nizam, Abdullah, Janna Ong, Lai, Kok-Song

“…Optimal treatment for PLBs proliferation rate with an average fresh weight (FW) of 0.97±0.16 g was obtained through culturing on half strength (½) MS medium containing 20 g/L sucrose, 15 mM NH4NO3 and 20% w/v potato extract supplemented with 0.8 μM 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The optimal treatment produced large, healthy and greenish PLBs with reduction in the occurrence of culture browning. …”
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Callus induction from leaf explant of Citrus hystrix by Mohd Zaki, Nor Ilya

“…An experiment was conducted for callus induction from leaf explant of C.hystrix and to determine the best combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin (KIN) on the callus induction with six explants per treatment. …”
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Development of an efficient particle bombardment transformation system for the endemic orchid, Phalaenopsis bellina by Chew, Yee Chern, Wan Abdullah, Wan Muhamad Asrul Nizam, Kok, Andrew De-Xian, Abdullah, Janna Ong, Mahmood, Maziah, Lai, Kok Song

“…Leaf derived PLBs were proliferated on ½ strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.8 µM 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D). Both physical and biological parameters affecting the transformation system were optimised using the green-fluorescent protein (GFP) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) as reporter systems. …”
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Analysis of bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Malaysian stingless bee propolis water extracts by Syed Salleh, Sharifah Nur Amalina, Mohd Hanapiah, Nur Ayuni, Wan Johari, Wan Lutfi, Ahmad, Hafandi, Osman, Nurul Huda

“…Results showed that propolis from the three different stingless bee species consisted of major groups such as sugar (31.4%), carboxylic acid (17.1%), terpenoid (14.3%), sugar alcohol (11.4%), hydrocarbon (5.7%), aldehyde (5.7%) amino acid (2.9%) and other constituents (11.4%). Heterotrigona fimbriata displayed the highest amount for both total phenolics (13.21 mg/mL) and flavonoids (34.53 mg/mL) compared to other propolis extracts. …”

Extraction of hydrocarbons from freshwater green microalgae (Botryococcus sp.) biomass after phycoremediation of domestic wastewater by Gani, Paran, Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila, Matias- Peralta, Hazel Monica, Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira, Abdul Latiff, Ab Aziz, Parjo, Umi Kalthsom

“…The composition analysis using Gas Chromatogram - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) found that phthalic acid, 2-ethylhexyltridecyl ester (C29H48O4), contributed the highest percentage (71.6%) of the total hydrocarbon compounds to the extracted algae oil. …”
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Assessment on bioactive compounds and the effect of microwave on pitaya peel by Norashikin, Mat Zain, Muhd Azlan, Nazeri, Nurul Aini, Mohd Azman

“…Based on the results, 13 types of phenolic compounds were identified from the pitaya peel extract via qualitative research using library database matching which include quinic acid, cinnamic acid, quinic acid isomer, 3,4-dihydroxyvinylbenzene, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, myricetin rhamno-hexoside, 3,30-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, isorhamnetin aglycone monomer, apigenin, jasmonic acid, oxooctadecanoic acid, 2 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-benzene propanoic acid and protocatechuic hexoside conjugate. …”
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